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The idea that spondylosis was a cost of rapid dispersal was challenged by wider spatial sampling which linked rates of spondylosis to hot (tropical) climates rather than to dispersal rates. Here, the authors of these competing interpretations collaborate to reinterpret the data. Our reanalysis supports both previous hypotheses; rates of spondylosis are higher in populations established by fast-dispersing toads, and are higher in tropical than in temperate environments; they are also higher in larger toads. The functional reason for climatic effects is unclear, but might involve effects on the soil-living bacteria involved in the induction of spondylosis; and\/or may reflect higher movement (as opposed to dispersal) or more pronounced dry-season aggregation rates of toads in tropical conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50314-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T10:03:44Z","timestamp":1569578624000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spinal arthritis in invasive cane toads is linked to rate of dispersal as well as to latitude"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2924-9040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory P.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Schwarzkopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross A.","family":"Alford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0188-3290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Bower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7529-5657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Shine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"50314_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17698","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705057104","volume":"104","author":"GP Brown","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brown, G. 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