{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T14:36:44Z","timestamp":1783435004160,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults with short stature have been previously reported to have increased risk of cardiovascular events and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia. We aimed to assess the association between height and lipid profiles among Korean adolescents and adults. We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2015, from 37,889 individuals (aged 12\u201359 years). In adolescents, total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels had profound associations with height in both boys and girls, while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels had an inverse association with height only in boys. Height was inversely associated with TC, triglycerides (TG), and LDL-C concentrations in men and women and positively correlated with HDL-C concentration in women. In boys, the odds ratios (ORs) for hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia were higher for shorter subjects (ORs\u2009=\u20092.38~7.01), while only the OR of hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia was significantly higher in girls with short stature (OR\u2009=\u20093.12). In adults, the ORs for hypercholesterolemia, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia were significantly higher in short subjects than in tall subjects after controlling for covariates (ORs\u2009=\u20091.50~2.61). Also, short men showed significantly higher ORs for hypertriglyceridemia (OR\u2009=\u20091.85) than tall men. Short stature was significantly associated with adverse lipid profiles in both adolescents and adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50524-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T10:02:32Z","timestamp":1569924152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Short Stature is Associated with Increased Risk of Dyslipidemia in Korean Adolescents and Adults"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Na-Kyung","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Mi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-Hye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7202-500X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi Jung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"50524_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq155","volume":"31","author":"TA Paajanen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paajanen, T. A., Oksala, N. K., Kuukasjarvi, P. & Karhunen, P. J. Short stature is associated with coronary heart disease: a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 31, 1802\u20131809, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq155 (2010).","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"50524_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys086","volume":"41","author":"C Emerging Risk Factors","year":"2012","unstructured":"Emerging Risk Factors, C. Adult height and the risk of cause-specific death and vascular morbidity in 1 million people: individual participant meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 41, 1419\u20131433, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dys086 (2012).","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"50524_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg173","volume":"158","author":"YM Song","year":"2003","unstructured":"Song, Y. M., Smith, G. D. & Sung, J. Adult height and cause-specific mortality: a large prospective study of South Korean men. Am J Epidemiol 158, 479\u2013485 (2003).","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"50524_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn187","volume":"168","author":"YM Song","year":"2008","unstructured":"Song, Y. M. & Sung, J. Adult height and the risk of mortality in South Korean women. Am J Epidemiol 168, 497\u2013505, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwn187 (2008).","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"50524_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014508422504","volume":"17","author":"KM Henriksson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Henriksson, K. M., Lindblad, U., Agren, B., Nilsson-Ehle, P. & Rastam, L. Associations between body height, body composition and cholesterol levels in middle-aged men. the coronary risk factor study in southern Sweden (CRISS). Eur J Epidemiol 17, 521\u2013526 (2001).","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"50524_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.047571","volume":"61","author":"PM Skidmore","year":"2007","unstructured":"Skidmore, P. M., Hardy, R. J., Kuh, D. J., Langenberg, C. & Wadsworth, M. E. Life course body size and lipid levels at 53 years in a British birth cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 61, 215\u2013220, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.2006.047571 (2007).","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"50524_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.088096","volume":"97","author":"CM Schooling","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schooling, C. M. et al. Height, its components, and cardiovascular risk among older Chinese: a cross-sectional analysis of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Am J Public Health 97, 1834\u20131841, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2006.088096 (2007).","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"50524_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199806043382302","volume":"338","author":"GS Berenson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Berenson, G. S. et al. Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study. N Engl J Med 338, 1650\u20131656, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199806043382302 (1998).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"50524_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2012.27.3.208","volume":"27","author":"SH Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim, S. H., Ahn, B. C., Joung, H. & Park, M. J. Lipid Profiles and Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Korean Adolescents. Endocrinol Metab 27, 208\u2013216 (2012).","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"50524_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6231.1563","volume":"280","author":"TJ Orchard","year":"1980","unstructured":"Orchard, T. J., Rodgers, M., Hedley, A. J. & Mitchell, J. R. Changes in blood lipids and blood pressure during adolescence. Br Med J 280, 1563\u20131567 (1980).","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"50524_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800546","volume":"22","author":"NF Chu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chu, N. F., Rimm, E. B., Wang, D. J., Liou, H. S. & Shieh, S. M. Relationship between anthropometric variables and lipid levels among school children: The Taipei Children Heart Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 22, 66\u201372 (1998).","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"50524_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(89)90129-7","volume":"42","author":"YK Chiang","year":"1989","unstructured":"Chiang, Y. K., Srinivasan, S. R., Webber, L. S. & Berenson, G. S. Relationship between change in height and changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in adolescent males: the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Clin Epidemiol 42, 409\u2013415 (1989).","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"50524_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg207","volume":"32","author":"K Kouda","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kouda, K., Nakamura, H., Fan, W. & Takeuchi, H. Negative relationships between growth in height and levels of cholesterol in puberty: a 3-year follow-up study. Int J Epidemiol 32, 1105\u20131110 (2003).","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"50524_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22784","volume":"28","author":"Y Fujita","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fujita, Y., Kouda, K., Nakamura, H. & Iki, M. Inverse association between height increase and LDL cholesterol during puberty: A 3-year follow-up study of the Fukuroi City. Am J Hum Biol 28, 330\u2013334, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.22784 (2016).","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"50524_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P078816","volume":"58","author":"LA Pyles","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pyles, L. A. et al. LDL cholesterol level in fifth-grade schoolchildren associates with stature. J Lipid Res 58, 2197\u20132201, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.P078816 (2017).","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"50524_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.181438","volume":"29","author":"M Walter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Walter, M. Interrelationships among HDL metabolism, aging, and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 29, 1244\u20131250, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.181438 (2009).","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"50524_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s40101-016-0119-1","volume":"35","author":"Y Shimizu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shimizu, Y. et al. Height correlates with dyslipidemia in non-overweight middle-aged Japanese men. J Physiol Anthropol 35, 29, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40101-016-0119-1 (2016).","journal-title":"J Physiol Anthropol"},{"key":"50524_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404881","volume":"372","author":"CP Nelson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nelson, C. P. et al. Genetically determined height and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 372, 1608\u20131618, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1404881 (2015).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"50524_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7224.1523","volume":"319","author":"EB Rimm","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rimm, E. B., Williams, P., Fosher, K., Criqui, M. & Stampfer, M. J. Moderate alcohol intake and lower risk of coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of effects on lipids and haemostatic factors. BMJ 319, 1523\u20131528, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.319.7224.1523 (1999).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"50524_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2016.59.2.65","volume":"59","author":"SH Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, S. H., Song, Y. H., Park, S. & Park, M. J. Impact of lifestyle factors on trends in lipid profiles among Korean adolescents: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys study, 1998 and 2010. Korean J Pediatr 59, 65\u201373, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3345\/kjp.2016.59.2.65 (2016).","journal-title":"Korean J Pediatr"},{"key":"50524_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2018.05.008","volume":"15","author":"BT Palmisano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Palmisano, B. T., Zhu, L., Eckel, R. H. & Stafford, J. M. Sex differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Mol Metab 15, 45\u201355, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmet.2018.05.008 (2018).","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"50524_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-018-0721-9","volume":"17","author":"S Liang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liang, S., Xue, J. & Li, G. Effects of recombinant human growth hormone administration on cardiovascular risk factors in obese children with relative growth hormone deficiency. Lipids Health Dis 17, 66, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-018-0721-9 (2018).","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"50524_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.08.001","volume":"24","author":"S De Marco","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Marco, S. et al. Circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine and lipid profile in pre-pubertal children with growth hormone deficiency: effect of 12-month growth hormone replacement therapy. Growth Horm IGF Res 24, 216\u2013220, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.08.001 (2014).","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"50524_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2018.10","volume":"14","author":"RA Sinha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sinha, R. A., Singh, B. K. & Yen, P. M. Direct effects of thyroid hormones on hepatic lipid metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 14, 259\u2013269, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2018.10 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"50524_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.08.024","volume":"115","author":"P Kushwaha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kushwaha, P., Wolfgang, M. J. & Riddle, R. C. Fatty acid metabolism by the osteoblast. Bone 115, 8\u201314, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2017.08.024 (2018).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"50524_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.05.047","volume":"130","author":"NK Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee, N. K. et al. Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton. Cell 130, 456\u2013469, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2007.05.047 (2007).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"50524_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051190","volume":"20","author":"Hidekatsu Yanai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yanai, H. & Yoshida, H. Beneficial Effects of Adiponectin on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerotic Progression: Mechanisms and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 20, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20051190 (2019).","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"50524_CR28","first-page":"235","volume":"14","author":"NO Kanbur","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kanbur, N. O., Derman, O., Sen, T. A. & Kinik, E. Osteocalcin. A biochemical marker of bone turnover during puberty. Int J Adolesc Med Health 14, 235\u2013244 (2002).","journal-title":"Int J Adolesc Med Health"},{"key":"50524_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0512-8","volume":"16","author":"Y Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Zhao, Q., Du, G. & Xu, Y. Association between serum osteocalcin and glucose\/lipid metabolism in Chinese Han and Uygur populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Xinjiang: two cross-sectional studies. Lipids Health Dis 16, 139, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-017-0512-8 (2017).","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"50524_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","volume":"18","author":"WT Friedewald","year":"1972","unstructured":"Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I. & Fredrickson, D. S. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18, 499\u2013502 (1972).","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"50524_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S213","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2107C","volume":"128","author":"Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular, H., Risk Reduction in, C., Adolescents, National Heart, L. & Blood, I.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular, H., Risk Reduction in, C., Adolescents, National Heart, L. & Blood, I. Expert panel on integrated guidelines for cardiovascular health and risk reduction in children and adolescents: summary report. Pediatrics 128(Suppl 5), S213\u2013256, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2009-2107C (2011).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"50524_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486","volume":"285","author":"Expert Panel on Detection, E. & Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in, A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Expert Panel on Detection, E. & Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in, A. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 285, 2486\u20132497 (2001).","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-50524-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-50524-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-50524-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T14:09:38Z","timestamp":1671286178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-50524-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["50524"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-50524-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 May 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"14090"}}