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We tested for the first time the hypothesis that chitin-glucan (CG) - an insoluble fibre with prebiotic properties- and polyphenol-rich pomegranate peel extract (PPE) can improve endothelial and inflammatory disorders in a mouse model of cardiovascular disease (CVD), namely by modulating the gut microbiota. Male Apolipoprotein E knock-out (ApoE\u2212\/\u2212) mice fed a high fat (HF) diet developed a significant endothelial dysfunction attested by atherosclerotic plaques and increasing abundance of caveolin-1 in aorta. The supplementation with CG\u2009+\u2009PPE in the HF diet reduced inflammatory markers both in the liver and in the visceral adipose tissue together with a reduction of hepatic triglycerides. In addition, it increased the activating form of endothelial NO-synthase in mesenteric arteries and the heme-nitrosylated haemoglobin (Hb-NO) blood levels as compared with HF fed ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 mice, suggesting a higher capacity of mesenteric arteries to produce nitric oxide (NO). This study allows to pinpoint gut bacteria, namely <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>, that could be implicated in the management of endothelial and inflammatory dysfunctions associated with CVD, and to unravel the role of nutrition in the modulation of those bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50700-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]],"date-time":"2019-10-02T10:06:02Z","timestamp":1570010762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Chitin\u2013glucan and pomegranate polyphenols improve endothelial dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Audrey M.","family":"Neyrinck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Catry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Taminiau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2040-2448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrice D.","family":"Cani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3747-3234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laure B.","family":"Bindels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Daube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Dessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2115-6082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie M.","family":"Delzenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"50700_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2018.08.003","volume":"29","author":"Gabriele G. 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