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However, there are no definitive findings about its effects on chronic joint diseases such as knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of clinical-like cryotherapy on functional impairment and synovial inflammation in a rat model of KOA generated by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Thirty-two male <jats:italic>Wistar<\/jats:italic> rats were randomly divided into four groups (n\u2009=\u20098\/group): Control, KOA, KOA\u2009+\u2009Cryotherapy and KOA\u2009+\u2009Placebo. The last two groups were submitted to the relevant interventions twice a day for five days (61 to 65), with each session lasting 20\u2009min. Gait test, skin temperature, thermal response threshold and joint swelling were assessed in all groups before ACLT surgery, and pre (60<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> day) and post (66<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> day) intervention protocols. On day 66, the animals were euthanized and exsanguinated to remove the synovial membrane for histopathological examination and synovial fluid to determine the leukocyte count and cytokine concentration. After the intervention period (66<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> day), footprint area only increased in the KOA\u2009+\u2009Cryotherapy group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004; 14%) when compared to KOA and KOA\u2009+\u2009Placebo, but did not differ from controls. Cryotherapy lowered the synovial fluid leukocyte count (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001; \u226595.0%) and cytokine concentration (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001; \u226555%) when compared to the KOA and Placebo groups. Synovial score and synovial fibrosis did not differ in the KOA groups. In conclusion, footprint patterns improved in rats with ACLT-induced KOA as a result of clinical-like cryotherapy, which also lowered the synovial fluid leukocyte count and inflammatory cytokine concentration in these rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50958-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T10:32:32Z","timestamp":1570703552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Clinical-like cryotherapy improves footprint patterns and reduces synovial inflammation in a rat model of post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Germanna Medeiros","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan Emanuel","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago Mattar","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizandra Botaro","family":"Martinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9746-6960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Aiello Tom\u00e9 Souza","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco F\u00e1bio Bezerra","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Queir\u00f3z","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Silva","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania F\u00e1tima","family":"Salvini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"50958_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Litwic, A., Registrar, S., Edwards, M. & Clinical, M. 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