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Rats performed physical activity and were classified as inactive\/active. During gestation and lactation, mothers received either normoprotein (NP-17% protein) or low-protein diet (LP-8% protein). In offspring, biochemical serum levels, respiratory parameters, cardiovascular parameters and the mRNA expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1\u03b1), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and purinergic receptors were evaluate. LP-inactive pups presented lower RF from 1<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup> to 14<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> days old, and higher RF at 30 days than did NP-inactive and NP-active pups. LP-inactive pups presented with reduced serum protein, albumin, cholesterol and triglycerides levels and an increased fasting glucose level compared to those of NP-inactive and NP-active groups. LP and LP-inactive animals showed an increase in the cardiac variability at the Low-Frequency bands, suggesting a major influence of sympathetic nervous activity. In mRNA analyses, LP-inactive animals showed increased HIF-1\u03b1 expression and similar expression of TH and purinergic receptors in the CB compared to those of NP groups. All these changes observed in LP-inactive pups were reversed in the pups of active mothers (LP-active). Maternal physical activity is able to attenuate the metabolic, cardiorespiratory and HIF-1\u03b1 transcription changes induced by protein malnutrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50967-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T10:25:35Z","timestamp":1570530335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Maternal physical activity prevents the overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-\u03b1 and cardiorespiratory dysfunction in protein malnourished rats"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Viviane O.","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luana D. 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