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Understanding how microorganisms are distributed in the atmosphere is critical due to their role in public health, meteorology and atmospheric chemistry. In order to determine the dominant processes that structure airborne microbial communities, we investigated the diversity and abundance of both bacteria and fungi from the PM10 particle size (particulate matter of 10 micrometers or less in diameter) as well as particulate matter chemistry and local meteorological characteristics over time at nine different meteorological stations around the world. The bacterial genera <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Sphingomonas<\/jats:italic> as well as the fungal species <jats:italic>Pseudotaeniolina globaosa<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cladophialophora proteae<\/jats:italic> were the most abundant taxa of the dataset, although their relative abundances varied greatly based on sampling site. Bacterial and fungal concentration was the highest at the high-altitude and semi-arid plateau of Namco (China; 3.56\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\u2009\u00b1\u20093.01\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> cells\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) and at the high-altitude and vegetated mountain peak Storm-Peak (Colorado, USA; 8.78\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\u2009\u00b1\u20096.49\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> cells\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>), respectively. Surrounding ecosystems, especially within a 50\u2009km perimeter of our sampling stations, were the main contributors to the composition of airborne microbial communities. Temporal stability in the composition of airborne microbial communities was mainly explained by the diversity and evenness of the surrounding landscapes and the wind direction variability over time. Airborne microbial communities appear to be the result of large inputs from nearby sources with possible low and diluted inputs from distant sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51073-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T10:25:35Z","timestamp":1570530335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Global airborne microbial communities controlled by surrounding landscapes and wind conditions"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Romie","family":"Tignat-Perrier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8185-9604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Dommergue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alban","family":"Thollot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Keuschnig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8711-4155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Magand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9542-3246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Larose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"51073_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.05.049","volume":"601\u2013602","author":"Q Zhen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhen, Q. et al. 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