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The high-frequency band (hf-tRNS) has shown to be the most effective in enhancing neural excitability. The frequency band of hf-tRNS typically spans from 100 to 640\u2009Hz. Here we asked whether both the lower and the higher half of the high-frequency band are needed for increasing neural excitability. Three frequency ranges (100\u2013400\u2009Hz, 400\u2013700\u2009Hz, 100\u2013700\u2009Hz) and Sham conditions were delivered for 10\u2009minutes at an intensity of 1.5\u2009mA over the primary motor cortex (M1). Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was delivered over the same area at baseline, 0, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60\u2009minutes after stimulation, while motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded to evaluate changes in cortical excitability. Only the full-band condition (100\u2013700\u2009Hz) was able to modulate excitability by enhancing MEPs at 10 and 20\u2009minutes after stimulation: neither the higher nor the lower sub-range of the high-frequency band significantly modulated cortical excitability. These results show that the efficacy of tRNS is strictly related to the width of the selected frequency range.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51553-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T04:29:11Z","timestamp":1571804951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS): a wide range of frequencies is needed for increasing cortical excitability"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Moret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Nucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1844-9327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Cona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4019-085X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Campana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"51553_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14147","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4248-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"D Terney","year":"2008","unstructured":"Terney, D., Chaieb, L., Moliadze, V., Antal, A. & Paulus, W. 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