{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:04:57Z","timestamp":1792541097324,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81471467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81471467"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81630084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81630084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association between suboptimal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants is not well defined. We investigated the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and the risk of SGA infants in a Chinese population. We performed a cohort study among 12029 mothers with a pregnancy. This cohort consisted of pregnant women that were: normal-weight (62.02%), underweight (17.09%), overweight (17.77%) and obese (3.12%). Birth sizes were reduced in the underweight and obese groups compared with the normal-weight group. Linear regression analysis indicated that birth size was positively associated with BMI in both the underweight and normal-weight groups. Further analysis showed that 12.74% of neonates were SGA infants in the underweight group, higher than 7.43% of neonates reported in the normal-weight group (adjusted RR\u2009=\u20091.92; 95% CI: 1.61, 2.30). Unexpectedly, 17.60% of neonates were SGA infants in the obese group, much higher than the normal-weight group (adjusted RR\u2009=\u20092.17; 95% CI: 1.57, 3.00). Additionally, 18.40% of neonates were large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants in the obese group, higher than 7.26% of neonates reported in the normal-weight group (adjusted RR\u2009=\u20093.00; 95% CI: 2.21, 4.06). These results suggest that pre-pregnancy underweight increases the risk of SGA infants, whereas obesity increases the risks of not only LGA infants, but also SGA infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52018-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T20:29:48Z","timestamp":1572467388000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Pre-pregnancy underweight and obesity are positively associated with small-for-gestational-age infants in a Chinese population"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yuan Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi Bing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing Xing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia Liu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0093-9275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan Yuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5126-4335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"De Xiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"52018_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25744-7","volume":"8","author":"F Yao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yao, F., Miao, H., Li, B., Wu, Y. & Zhao, Q. New birthweight percentiles by sex and gestational age in Southern China and its comparison with the INTERGROWTH-21st Standard. Sci. Rep. 8, 7567 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"52018_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4407","volume":"100","author":"YH Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, Y. H. et al. Maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy elevates the risks of small for gestational age and low birth weight infants in Chinese population. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 100, 1912\u20131919 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"52018_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.013","volume":"218","author":"A Francis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Francis, A., Hugh, O. & Gardosi, J. Customized vs INTERGROWTH-21st standards for the assessment of birthweight and stillbirth risk at term. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 218, S692\u2013S699 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"52018_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27815-1","volume":"8","author":"H Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. The Joint Association of Small for Gestational Age and Nighttime Sleep with Blood Pressure in Childhood. Sci. Rep. 8, 9632 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"52018_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0897","volume":"38","author":"AS Khashan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khashan, A. S. et al. Gestational Age and Birth Weight and the Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort and Sibling Design Study. Diabetes Care 38, 2308\u20132315 (2015).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"52018_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww109","volume":"185","author":"MS Kramer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kramer, M. S. et al. Does Fetal Growth Restriction Cause Later Obesity? Pitfalls in Analyzing Causal Mediators as Confounders. Am. J. Epidemiol. 185, 585\u2013590 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"52018_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.01.044","volume":"206","author":"GS Moore","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moore, G. S., Kneitel, A. W., Walker, C. K., Gilbert, W. M. & Xing, G. Autism risk in small- and large-for-gestational-age infants. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 206, 314.e1\u20139 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"52018_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5672","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0423","volume":"90","author":"R Verkauskiene","year":"2005","unstructured":"Verkauskiene, R. et al. Smallness for gestational age is associated with persistent change in insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and the ratio of IGF-I\/IGF-binding protein-3 in adulthood. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 5672\u20135676 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"52018_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvn341","volume":"81","author":"CF Rueda-Clausen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rueda-Clausen, C. F., Morton, J. S. & Davidge, S. T. Effects of hypoxia-induced intrauterine growth restriction on cardiopulmonary structure and function during adulthood. Cardiovasc. Res. 81, 713\u2013722 (2009).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"52018_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02171.x","volume":"62","author":"NJ Arends","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arends, N. J. et al. Reduced insulin sensitivity and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in short prepubertal children born small for gestational age (SGA). Clin. Endocrinol (Oxf). 62, 44\u201350 (2005).","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol (Oxf)."},{"key":"52018_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19806","volume":"538","author":"M Horikoshi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Horikoshi, M. et al. Genome-wide associations for birth weight and correlations with adult disease. Nature 538, 248\u2013252 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"52018_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S90","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301425","volume":"104","author":"RR Davis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davis, R. R., Hofferth, S. L. & Shenassa, E. D. Gestational weight gain and risk of infant death in the United States. Am. J. Public Health. 104, S90\u2013S95 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health."},{"key":"52018_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy016","volume":"187","author":"YH Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, Y. H., Tao, F. B. & Xu, D. X. The Association between Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Risk of Preterm Delivery in Chinese Population. Am. J. Epidemiol. 187, 1123\u20131124 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"52018_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.06.031","volume":"213","author":"M Tabet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tabet, M., Flick, L. H., Tuuli, M. G., Macones, G. A. & Chang, J. J. Prepregnancy body mass index in a first uncomplicated pregnancyand outcomes of a second pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 213, 548.e1\u20137 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"52018_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001465","volume":"128","author":"SS Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, S. S. et al. Obstetric and Neonatal Risks Among Obese Women Without Chronic Disease. Obstet. Gynecol. 128, 104\u201312 (2016).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"52018_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2015.06.001","volume":"42","author":"E Cosson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cosson, E. et al. Pregnancy adverse outcomes related to pregravid body mass index and gestational weight gain, according to the presence or not of gestational diabetes mellitus: A retrospective observational study. Diabetes Metab. 42, 38\u201346 (2016).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"52018_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41073","volume":"7","author":"L Xiao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xiao, L. et al. Associations of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with birth outcomes in Shanghai, China. Sci. Rep. 7, 41073 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"52018_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.10.008","volume":"212","author":"YP Song","year":"2018","unstructured":"Song, Y. P. et al. Differential effects of high-fat diets before pregnancy and\/or during pregnancy on fetal growth development. Life Sci. 212, 241\u2013250 (2018).","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"52018_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L360","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00105.2015","volume":"309","author":"RS Mayor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mayor, R. S. et al. Maternal high-fat diet is associated with impaired fetal lung development. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 309, L360\u2013368 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"52018_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.10.040","volume":"206","author":"LV Souza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Souza, L. V. et al. Detrimental Impact of Low Birth Weight on Circulating Number and Functional Capacity of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Healthy Children: Role of Angiogenic Factors. J. Pediatr. 206, 72\u201377.e1 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"52018_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7292.949","volume":"322","author":"JG Eriksson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eriksson, J. G., Fors\u00e9n, T., Tuomilehto, J., Osmond, C. & Barker, D. J. Early growth and coronary heart disease in later life: longitudinal study. BMJ. 322, 949\u2013953 (2001).","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"52018_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn105","volume":"29","author":"I Tzoulaki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tzoulaki, I. et al. Size at birth, weight gain over the life course, and low-grade inflammation in young adulthood: northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort study. Eur. Heart J. 29, 1049\u20131056 (2008).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"52018_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk071","volume":"165","author":"T Harder","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harder, T., Rodekamp, E., Schellong, K., Dudenhausen, J. W. & Plagemann, A. Birth weight and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Am. J. Epidemiol. 165, 849\u2013857 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"52018_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12494","volume":"42","author":"A Khalil","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khalil, A., Syngelaki, A., Maiz, N., Zinevich, Y. & Nicolaides, K. H. Maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcome: a cohort study. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 42, 634\u2013643 (2013).","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"52018_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.3820","volume":"321","author":"LifeCycle Project-Maternal Obesity and Childhood Outcomes Study Group","year":"2019","unstructured":"LifeCycle Project-Maternal Obesity and Childhood Outcomes Study Group. et al. Association of Gestational Weight Gain With Adverse Maternal and Infant Outcomes. JAMA. 321, 1702\u20131715 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"52018_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01068-w","volume":"7","author":"JR He","year":"2017","unstructured":"He, J. R. et al. Birth weight changes in a major city under rapid socioeconomic transition in China. Sci. Rep. 7, 1031 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"52018_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-206894","volume":"71","author":"GD Shapiro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shapiro, G. D. et al. Paternal education and adverse birth outcomes in Canada. J. Epidemiol. Community Health. 71, 67\u201372 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health."},{"key":"52018_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3420-8","volume":"58","author":"AH Xiang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiang, A. H. et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in extremes of fetal growth after gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 58, 272\u2013281 (2015).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"52018_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2016.5761","volume":"25","author":"SL Gillespie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gillespie, S. L. & Christian, L. M. Body Mass Index as a Measure of Obesity: Racial Differences in Predictive Value for Health Parameters During Pregnancy. J. Womens Health (Larchmt). 25, 1210\u20131218 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Womens Health (Larchmt)."},{"key":"52018_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.065680","volume":"95","author":"TJ Rosenberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rosenberg, T. J., Garbers, S., Lipkind, H. & Chiasson, M. A. Maternal obesity and diabetes as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: differences among 4 racial\/ethnic groups. Am. J. Public Health. 95, 1545\u20131551 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health."},{"key":"52018_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3466-7","volume":"58","author":"IE Sasson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sasson, I. E., Vitins, A. P., Mainigi, M. A., Moley, K. H. & Simmons, R. A. Pre-gestational vs gestational exposure to maternal obesity differentially programs the offspring in mice. Diabetologia. 58, 615\u2013624 (2015).","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"52018_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.12.013","volume":"37","author":"N Houttu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Houttu, N., Mokkala, K. & Laitinen, K. Overweight and obesity status in pregnant women are related to intestinal microbiota and serum metabolic and inflammatory profiles. Clin. Nutr. 37, 1955\u20131966 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"52018_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2010.12.023","volume":"32","author":"KA Roberts","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roberts, K. A. et al. Placental structure and inflammation in pregnancies associated with obesity. Placenta 32, 247\u2013254 (2011).","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"52018_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86080","volume":"126","author":"M Kumari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumari, M. et al. IRF3 promotes adipose inflammation and insulin resistance and represses browning. J. Clin. Invest. 126, 2839\u20132854 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"52018_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.3109\/14767051003774942","volume":"23","author":"M Tosun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tosun, M. et al. Maternal and umbilical serum levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal pregnancies and in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 23, 880\u2013886 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"52018_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.53","volume":"31","author":"G Amarilyo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Amarilyo, G. et al. Increased cord serum inflammatory markers in small-for-gestational-age neonates. J. Perinatol. 31, 30\u201332 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"52018_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130295","volume":"211","author":"T Cotechini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cotechini, T. et al. Inflammation in rat pregnancy inhibits spiral artery remodeling leading to fetal growth restriction and features of preeclampsia. J. Exp. Med. 211, 165\u2013179 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"52018_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv036","volume":"145","author":"YH Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, Y. H. et al. Supplementation with vitamin D3 during pregnancy protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced neural tube defects through improving placental folate transportation. Toxicol. Sci. 145, 90\u201397 (2015).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"52018_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4762","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601331","volume":"197","author":"YH Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, Y. H. et al. Obeticholic Acid Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Fetal Death and Intrauterine Growth Restriction through Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity. J. Immunol. 197, 4762\u20134770 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"52018_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13474","volume":"44","author":"K Tanaka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tanaka, K. et al. Increased maternal insulin resistance promotes placental growth and decreases placental efficiency in pregnancies with obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 44, 74\u201380 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"52018_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.08.009","volume":"212","author":"O Acosta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Acosta, O. et al. Increased glucose and placental GLUT-1 in large infants of obese nondiabetic mothers. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 212, 227.e1\u20137 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"52018_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-116889","volume":"23","author":"HN Jones","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jones, H. N. et al. High-fat diet before and during pregnancy causes marked up-regulation of placental nutrient transport and fetal overgrowth in C57\/BL6 mice. FASEB. J. 23, 271\u2013278 (2009).","journal-title":"FASEB. J."},{"key":"52018_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.109702","volume":"89","author":"F Gaccioli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gaccioli, F. et al. Maternal overweight induced by a diet with high content of saturated fat activates placental mTOR and eIF2alpha signaling and increases fetal growth in rats. Biol. Reprod. 89, 96 (2013).","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"52018_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15268-3","volume":"363","author":"World Health Organization Expert Consultation","year":"2004","unstructured":"World Health Organization Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 363, 157\u2013163 (2004).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"52018_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21944-3","volume":"8","author":"YH Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, Y. H. et al. Influent factors of gestational vitamin D deficiency and its relation to an increased risk of preterm delivery in Chinese population. Sci. Rep. 8, 3608 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"52018_CR46","unstructured":"Rasmussen, K. M. & Yaktine, A. L. Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines. Washington, DC, National Academies Press (US) (2009)."},{"key":"52018_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magee, L. A. et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Pregnancy Hypertens 4, 105\u2013145 (2014).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2014.01.003"},{"key":"52018_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104779","volume":"9","author":"L Dai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dai, L. et al. Birth weight reference percentiles for Chinese. PLoS One. 9, e104779 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-52018-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-52018-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-52018-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T15:07:55Z","timestamp":1671289675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-52018-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["52018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-52018-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15544"}}