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The current pilot study aimed to investigate cortical inhibitory\/excitatory balance in ALS using short-echo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). Patients suffering from ALS were scanned on a 3\u2009T Trio Siemens MR scanner using Spin Echo Full Intensity Acquired Localized (SPECIAL) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in primary motor cortex and the occipital lobe. Data was compared to a group of healthy subjects. Nine patients completed the scan. MRS data was of an excellent quality allowing for quantification of a range of metabolites of interest in ALS. In motor cortex, patients had Glutamate\/GABA and GABA\/Cr- ratios comparable to healthy subjects. However, Glutamate\/Cr (p\u2009=\u20090.002) and the neuronal marker N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA\/Cr) (p\u2009=\u20090.034) were low, possibly due to grey-matter atrophy, whereas Glutathione\/Cr (p\u2009=\u20090.04) was elevated. In patients, NAA levels correlated significantly with both hand strength (p\u2009=\u20090.027) and disease severity (p\u2009=\u20090.016). In summary SPECIAL MRS at 3\u2009T allows of reliable quantification of a range of metabolites of interest in ALS, including both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. The method is a promising new technique as a biomarker for future studies on ALS pathophysiology and monitoring of disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53009-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T06:02:41Z","timestamp":1574748161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Short echo-time Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in ALS, simultaneous quantification of glutamate and GABA at 3\u2009T"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"J. 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