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Although caused predominantly by\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Gram-negative bacteria,\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    among them, account for a significant percentage of the causal agents of septic arthritis. However, septic arthritis caused by\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    has not been studied thus far, due to lack of an animal model. NMRI mice were inoculated with different doses of\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The clinical course of septic arthritis and radiological changes of joints were examined. Furthermore, the host molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    -induced septic arthritis were investigated. Inoculation of mice with\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    caused septic arthritis in a dose-dependent manner. Neutrophil depletion led to higher mortality and more severe joint destruction (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). In contrast, monocyte depletion resulted in higher mortality (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) but similar arthritis severity compared to controls. Mice depleted of CD4+ T-cells inoculated with\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    displayed less severe bone damage (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). For the first time, a mouse model for\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    septic arthritis is presented. Our data demonstrate that neutrophils play a protective role in\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    septic arthritis. Monocytes\/macrophages, on the other hand, are only essential in preventing\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    -induced mortality. Finally, CD4+ T-cells are pathogenic in\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    septic arthritis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53434-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T06:02:42Z","timestamp":1573711362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A novel mouse model for septic arthritis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9039-0628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majd","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward R. 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