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Several molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain exceptionally high effectiveness of amphotericin B in combating fungi. In the present work, we apply fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to track, step by step, modes of the toxic activity of amphotericin B towards a clinical strain of\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The images recorded reveal that the antibiotic binds to cells in the form of the small aggregates characterized by a relatively short fluorescence lifetime (0.2\u2009ns). Amphotericin B binds preferentially to the cell walls of mature cells but also to the plasma membranes of the daughter cells at the budding stage. The images recorded with the application of a scanning electron microscopy show that the antibiotic interferes with the formation of functional cell walls of such young cells. The results of imaging reveal the formation of the amphotericin B-rich extramembranous structures and also binding of the drug molecules into the cell membranes and penetration into the cells. These two modes of action of amphotericin B are observed in the time scale of minutes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53517-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T06:04:13Z","timestamp":1574143453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Modes of the antibiotic activity of amphotericin B against Candida albicans"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ewa","family":"Grela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Zdybicka-Barabas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bozena","family":"Pawlikowska-Pawlega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Cytrynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8326-4818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Wlodarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8825-1423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Grudzinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafal","family":"Luchowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8245-3913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wieslaw I.","family":"Gruszecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"53517_CR1","unstructured":"Casadevall, A. 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