{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:13:42Z","timestamp":1792271622205,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a contemporaneous estimate of the global burden of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) from echocardiographic population-based studies. We searched multiple databases between January 01, 1996 and October 17, 2017. Random-effect meta-analysis\u00a0was used to pool data. We included 82 studies (1,090,792 participant) reporting data on the prevalence of RHD and 9 studies on the evolution of RHD lesions. The pooled prevalence of RHD was 26.1\u2030 (95%CI 19.2\u201333.1) and 11.3\u2030 (95%CI 7.2\u201316.2) for studies which used the World Heart Federation (WHF) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, respectively. The prevalence of RHD varied inversely with the level of a country\u2019s income, was lower with the WHO criteria compared to the WHF criteria, and was lowest in South East Asia. Definite RHD progressed in 7.5% (95% CI 1.5\u201317.6) of the cases, while 60.7% (95% CI 42.4\u201377.5) of cases remained stable over the course of follow-up. The proportion of cases borderline RHD who progressed to definite RHD was 11.3% (95% CI 6.9\u201316.5). The prevalence of RHD across WHO regions remains high. The highest prevalence of RHD was noted among studies which used the WHF diagnostic criteria. Definite RHD tends to progress or remain stable over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53540-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T11:04:13Z","timestamp":1574161453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Prevalence and progression of rheumatic heart disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based echocardiographic studies"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7722-9757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Jacques","family":"Noubiap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6708-6852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valirie N.","family":"Agbor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8018-6279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Joel","family":"Bigna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud D.","family":"Kaze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich Flore","family":"Nyaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6641-8950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bongani M.","family":"Mayosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"53540_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25326","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025326","volume":"6","author":"ME Engel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Engel, M. E., Stander, R., Vogel, J., Adeyemo, A. A. & Mayosi, B. M. Genetic susceptibility to acute rheumatic fever: a systematic review and meta-analysis of twin studies. PLoS One 6, e25326, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0025326 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"53540_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.116.024769","volume":"134","author":"L Zuhlke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zuhlke, L. et al. Clinical Outcomes in 3343 Children and Adults With Rheumatic Heart Disease From 14 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Two-Year Follow-Up of the Global Rheumatic Heart Disease Registry (the REMEDY Study). Circulation 134, 1456\u20131466, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.116.024769 (2016).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"53540_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.12.048","volume":"257","author":"VN Agbor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agbor, V. N. et al. Heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa: A contemporaneous systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of cardiology 257, 207\u2013215, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.12.048 (2018).","journal-title":"International journal of cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2018.01.100","volume":"17","author":"UF Nyaga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nyaga, U. F. et al. Data on the epidemiology of heart failure in Sub-Saharan Africa. Data in brief 17, 1218\u20131239, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dib.2018.01.100 (2018).","journal-title":"Data in brief"},{"key":"53540_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(16)31012-1","volume":"388","author":"GBD","year":"2016","unstructured":"GBD. 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 388, 1459\u20131544, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"53540_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1126\/science.324.5923.37b","volume":"324","author":"DA Watkins","year":"2009","unstructured":"Watkins, D. A., Zuhlke, L. J., Engel, M. E. & Mayosi, B. M. Rheumatic fever: neglected again. Science (New York, N.Y.) 324, 37, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.324.5923.37b (2009).","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"53540_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2013.34","volume":"10","author":"B Remenyi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Remenyi, B., Carapetis, J., Wyber, R., Taubert, K. & Mayosi, B. M. Position statement of the World Heart Federation on the prevention and control of rheumatic heart disease. Nature reviews. Cardiology 10, 284\u2013292, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrcardio.2013.34 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature reviews. Cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2013.08.008","volume":"8","author":"LJ Zuhlke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zuhlke, L. J. & Steer, A. C. Estimates of the global burden of rheumatic heart disease. Global heart 8, 189\u2013195, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gheart.2013.08.008 (2013).","journal-title":"Global heart"},{"key":"53540_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e717","DOI":"10.1016\/s2214-109x(14)70310-9","volume":"2","author":"M Rothenbuhler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rothenbuhler, M. et al. Active surveillance for rheumatic heart disease in endemic regions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence among children and adolescents. The Lancet. Global health 2, e717\u2013726, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2214-109x(14)70310-9 (2014).","journal-title":"The Lancet. Global health"},{"key":"53540_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005","volume":"62","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J. & Altman, D. G. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol 62, 1006\u20131012, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 (2009).","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"53540_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.11.014","volume":"65","author":"D Hoy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoy, D. et al. Assessing risk of bias in prevalence studies: modification of an existing tool and evidence of interrater agreement. J Clin Epidemiol 65, 934\u2013939, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.11.014 (2012).","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"53540_CR12","unstructured":"The World Bank. GDP per capita (current US$), https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD (2017)."},{"key":"53540_CR13","unstructured":"WHO. Global Burden of Disease Regions used for WHO-CHOICE Analyses, http:\/\/www.who.int\/choice\/demography\/regions\/en\/ (2018)."},{"key":"53540_CR14","unstructured":"United Nations Statistical Division. Methodology, https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/methodology\/m49\/ (2018)."},{"key":"53540_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603693","volume":"377","author":"DA Watkins","year":"2017","unstructured":"Watkins, D. A. et al. Global, Regional, and National Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease, 1990-2015. The New England journal of medicine 377, 713\u2013722, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1603693 (2017).","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine"},{"key":"53540_CR16","unstructured":"United Nations Development Program. Human Development Reports, http:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/en\/countries (2019)."},{"key":"53540_CR17","unstructured":"The World Bank. World Bank Country and Lending Groups, https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups (2018)."},{"key":"53540_CR18","unstructured":"The World Bank. GINI index (World Bank estimate), https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SI.POV.GINI (2018)."},{"key":"53540_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2013-203104","volume":"67","author":"JJ Barendregt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barendregt, J. J., Doi, S. A., Lee, Y. Y., Norman, R. E. & Vos, T. Meta-analysis of prevalence. Journal of epidemiology and community health 67, 974\u2013978, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2013-203104 (2013).","journal-title":"Journal of epidemiology and community health"},{"key":"53540_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2307\/3001666","volume":"10","author":"WG Cochran","year":"1954","unstructured":"Cochran, W. G. The Combination of Estimates from Different Experiments. Biometrics 10, 101\u2013129, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3001666 (1954).","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"53540_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","volume":"21","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2002","unstructured":"Higgins, J. P. & Thompson, S. G. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Statistics in medicine 21, 1539\u20131558, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.1186 (2002).","journal-title":"Statistics in medicine"},{"key":"53540_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger, M., Davey Smith, G., Schneider, M. & Minder, C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 315, 629\u2013634, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629 (1997).","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)"},{"key":"53540_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0205-7","volume":"16","author":"D Engelman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Engelman, D. et al. Screening for rheumatic heart disease: quality and agreement of focused cardiac ultrasound by briefly trained health workers. BMC cardiovascular disorders 16, 30, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-016-0205-7 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC cardiovascular disorders"},{"key":"53540_CR24","first-page":"B17","volume":"27","author":"M Kwok","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kwok, M. et al. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in urban and rural angola by echocardiography. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 27, B17 (2014).","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography"},{"key":"53540_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2014.07.053","volume":"108","author":"PH Ledos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ledos, P. H., Kamblock, J., Bourgoin, P., Eono, P. & Carapetis, J. R. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in young adults from New Caledonia. Archives of cardiovascular diseases 108, 16\u201322, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acvd.2014.07.053 (2015).","journal-title":"Archives of cardiovascular diseases"},{"key":"53540_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.007","volume":"188","author":"M Mirabel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mirabel, M. et al. Echocardiography screening to detect rheumatic heart disease: A cohort study of schoolchildren in French Pacific Islands. International journal of cardiology 188, 89\u201395, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.007 (2015).","journal-title":"International journal of cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5830\/cvja-2017-007","volume":"28","author":"J Mucumbitsi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mucumbitsi, J. et al. Prevalence of rheumatic valvular heart disease in Rwandan school children: echocardiographic evaluation using the World Heart Federation criteria. Cardiovascular journal of Africa 28, 1\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5830\/cvja-2017-007 (2017).","journal-title":"Cardiovascular journal of Africa"},{"key":"53540_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.06.088","volume":"219","author":"BR Nascimento","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nascimento, B. R. et al. Echocardiographic prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in Brazilian schoolchildren: Data from the PROVAR study. International journal of cardiology 219, 439\u2013445, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.06.088 (2016).","journal-title":"International journal of cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1136\/heartasia-2015-010664","volume":"7","author":"AA Ngaide","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ngaide, A. A. et al. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in Senegalese school children: a clinical and echocardiographic screening. Heart Asia 7, 40\u201345, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartasia-2015-010664 (2015).","journal-title":"Heart Asia"},{"key":"53540_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-307444","volume":"101","author":"ME Engel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Engel, M. E. et al. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in 4720 asymptomatic scholars from South Africa and Ethiopia. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 101, 1389\u20131394, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-307444 (2015).","journal-title":"Heart (British Cardiac Society)"},{"key":"53540_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487316687104","volume":"24","author":"T Gemechu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gemechu, T., Mahmoud, H., Parry, E. H., Phillips, D. I. & Yacoub, M. H. Community-based prevalence study of rheumatic heart disease in rural Ethiopia. European journal of preventive cardiology 24, 717\u2013723, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2047487316687104 (2017).","journal-title":"European journal of preventive cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.06.232","volume":"221","author":"D Yadeta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yadeta, D. et al. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease among school children in Ethiopia: A multisite echocardiography-based screening. International journal of cardiology 221, 260\u2013263, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.06.232 (2016).","journal-title":"International journal of cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0000000000000827","volume":"71","author":"B Gleason","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gleason, B. et al. Prevalence of Latent Rheumatic Heart Disease Among HIV-Infected Children in Kampala, Uganda. Jaids-Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 71, 196\u2013199, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/qai.0000000000000827 (2016).","journal-title":"Jaids-Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes"},{"key":"53540_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2014.03.1646","volume":"9","author":"L Kennedy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kennedy, L. et al. RHD prevention and control programme in Tuvalu. Global heart 9, e119, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gheart.2014.03.1646 (2014).","journal-title":"Global heart"},{"key":"53540_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcdr.2012.11.003","volume":"4","author":"NR Kumari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kumari, N. R. et al. Prevalence of rheumatic and congenital heart disease in school children of Andhra Pradesh, South India. Journal of cardiovascular disease research 4, 11\u201314, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcdr.2012.11.003 (2013).","journal-title":"Journal of cardiovascular disease research"},{"key":"53540_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(97)00311-2","volume":"63","author":"B Longo-Mbenza","year":"1998","unstructured":"Longo-Mbenza, B. et al. Survey of rheumatic heart disease in school children of Kinshasa town. International journal of cardiology 63, 287\u2013294 (1998).","journal-title":"International journal of cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000149","DOI":"10.4172\/2329-6577.1000149","volume":"5","author":"HA Mulatu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mulatu, H. A., Woldemichael, M. & Aberra, M. Prevalence of Rheumatic Heart Disease among Primary School Students in Mid-Eastern Ethiopia. Biol syst Open Access 5, 1000149, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2329-6577.1000149 (2016).","journal-title":"Biol syst Open Access"},{"key":"53540_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa065085","volume":"357","author":"E Marijon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marijon, E. et al. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease detected by echocardiographic screening. The New England journal of medicine 357, 470\u2013476, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa065085 (2007).","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine"},{"key":"53540_CR39","first-page":"1121","volume":"137","author":"PC Negi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Negi, P. C. et al. Epidemiological trends of RF\/RHD in school children of Shimla in north India. The Indian journal of medical research 137, 1121\u20131127 (2013).","journal-title":"The Indian journal of medical research"},{"key":"53540_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.01.364","volume":"105","author":"JA Paar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paar, J. A. et al. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in children and young adults in Nicaragua. The American journal of cardiology 105, 1809\u20131814, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.01.364 (2010).","journal-title":"The American journal of cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1179\/1465328110y.0000000007","volume":"31","author":"IA Ba-Saddik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ba-Saddik, I. A. et al. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease among school-children in Aden, Yemen. Annals of tropical paediatrics 31, 37\u201346, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/1465328110y.0000000007 (2011).","journal-title":"Annals of tropical paediatrics"},{"key":"53540_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.112.092312","volume":"125","author":"A Beaton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beaton, A. et al. Echocardiography screening for rheumatic heart disease in Ugandan schoolchildren. Circulation 125, 3127\u20133132, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.112.092312 (2012).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"53540_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2009.01055.x","volume":"27","author":"M Bhaya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bhaya, M., Panwar, S., Beniwal, R. & Panwar, R. B. High prevalence of rheumatic heart disease detected by echocardiography in school children. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) 27, 448\u2013453, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2009.01055.x (2010).","journal-title":"Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)"},{"key":"53540_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.03.004","volume":"173","author":"SM Colquhoun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Colquhoun, S. M. et al. Echocardiographic screening in a resource poor setting: borderline rheumatic heart disease could be a normal variant. International journal of cardiology 173, 284\u2013289, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.03.004 (2014).","journal-title":"International journal of cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.50.1.62","volume":"50","author":"JS Thakur","year":"1996","unstructured":"Thakur, J. S., Negi, P. C., Ahluwalia, S. K. & Vaidya, N. K. Epidemiological survey of rheumatic heart disease among school children in the Shimla Hills of northern India: prevalence and risk factors. Journal of epidemiology and community health 50, 62\u201367 (1996).","journal-title":"Journal of epidemiology and community health"},{"key":"53540_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s13149-014-0410-5","volume":"108","author":"M Bodian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bodian, M. et al. Pr\u00e9valence des cardiopathies cong\u00e9nitales en milieu scolaire coranique (daara) \u00e0 Dakar: \u00e9tude transversale bas\u00e9e sur le d\u00e9pistage clinique et \u00e9chographique de 2019 \u00e9l\u00e8ves. Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de pathologie exotique 108, 32\u201335, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13149-014-0410-5 (2015).","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de pathologie exotique"},{"key":"53540_CR47","first-page":"53","volume":"125","author":"G Cramp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cramp, G. et al. Undetected rheumatic heart disease revealed using portable echocardiography in a population of school students in Tairawhiti, New Zealand. The New Zealand medical journal 125, 53\u201364 (2012).","journal-title":"The New Zealand medical journal"},{"key":"53540_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.5372\/1905-7415.0805.339","volume":"8","author":"A Chaikitpinyo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chaikitpinyo, A. et al. Rheumatic and congenital heart diseases among school children of Khon Kaen, Thailand: Declining prevalence of rheumatic heart disease. Asian Biomedicine 8, 645\u2013650, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5372\/1905-7415.0805.339 (2014).","journal-title":"Asian Biomedicine"},{"key":"53540_CR49","first-page":"158","volume":"55","author":"VJ Jose","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jose, V. J. & Gomathi, M. Declining prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in rural schoolchildren in India: 2001-2002. Indian heart journal 55, 158\u2013160 (2003).","journal-title":"Indian heart journal"},{"key":"53540_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.10.090","volume":"168","author":"A Kane","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kane, A. et al. Echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease: Age matters. International journal of cardiology 168, 888\u2013891, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.10.090 (2013).","journal-title":"International journal of cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR51","first-page":"279","volume":"54","author":"KL Periwal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Periwal, K. L. et al. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in school children in Bikaner: an echocardiographic study. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 54, 279\u2013282 (2006).","journal-title":"The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India"},{"key":"53540_CR52","first-page":"280","volume":"5","author":"JS Poyyamozhi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Poyyamozhi, J. S., Rushender, C. R. & Dinesh Kumar, G. Prevalence Of Rheumatic Heart Disease In Urban School Going Children In South India, A Community Based Cross Sectional Study. National. Journal of Research in Community Medicine 5, 280\u2013287 (2016).","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Community Medicine"},{"key":"53540_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcdr.2013.02.011","volume":"4","author":"M Sriharibabu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sriharibabu, M., Himabindu, Y. & Kabir, Z. Rheumatic heart disease in rural south India: A clinico-observational study. Journal of cardiovascular disease research 4, 25\u201329, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcdr.2013.02.011 (2013).","journal-title":"Journal of cardiovascular disease research"},{"key":"53540_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1258\/0049475054620879","volume":"35","author":"J Ahmed","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ahmed, J., Mostafa Zaman, M. & Monzur Hassan, M. M. Prevalence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in rural Bangladesh. Tropical doctor 35, 160\u2013161, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/0049475054620879 (2005).","journal-title":"Tropical doctor"},{"key":"53540_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/021849230100900111","volume":"9","author":"AN Al-Munibari","year":"2001","unstructured":"Al-Munibari, A. N., Nasher, T. M., Ismail, S. A. & Mukhtar, E. D. A. Prevalence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Yemen. Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals 9, 41\u201344 (2001).","journal-title":"Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals"},{"key":"53540_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12087","volume":"49","author":"N Baroux","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baroux, N. et al. High prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in schoolchildren detected by echocardiography screening in New Caledonia. Journal of paediatrics and child health 49, 109\u2013114, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.12087 (2013).","journal-title":"Journal of paediatrics and child health"},{"key":"53540_CR57","first-page":"13","volume":"60","author":"R Bhardwaj","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhardwaj, R. et al. Prevalence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in rural population of Himachal\u2013a population based study. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 60, 13\u201314 (2012).","journal-title":"The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India"},{"key":"53540_CR58","first-page":"59","volume":"71","author":"A Grover","year":"1993","unstructured":"Grover, A. et al. Epidemiology of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in a rural community in northern India. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 71, 59\u201366 (1993).","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"53540_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2015.02.009","volume":"67","author":"MM Zaman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zaman, M. M., Choudhury, S. R., Rahman, S. & Ahmed, J. Prevalence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Bangladeshi children. Indian heart journal 67, 45\u201349, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ihj.2015.02.009 (2015).","journal-title":"Indian heart journal"},{"key":"53540_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.03.048","volume":"107","author":"W Zhimin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhimin, W. et al. Prevalence of chronic rheumatic heart disease in Chinese adults. International journal of cardiology 107, 356\u2013359, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.03.048 (2006).","journal-title":"International journal of cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.025981","volume":"90","author":"SF Rizvi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rizvi, S. F. et al. Status of rheumatic heart disease in rural Pakistan. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 90, 394\u2013399 (2004).","journal-title":"Heart (British Cardiac Society)"},{"key":"53540_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio1185","volume":"5","author":"JR Carapetis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carapetis, J. R. et al. Evaluation of a screening protocol using auscultation and portable echocardiography to detect asymptomatic rheumatic heart disease in Tongan schoolchildren. Nature clinical practice. Cardiovascular medicine 5, 411\u2013417, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncpcardio1185 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature clinical practice. Cardiovascular medicine"},{"key":"53540_CR63","unstructured":"Steer, A. C. et al. High prevalence of rheumatic heart disease by clinical and echocardiographic screening among children in Fiji. The Journal of heart valve disease 18, 327-335; discussion 336 (2009)."},{"key":"53540_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930790","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/930790","volume":"2015","author":"B Nair","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nair, B. et al. Rheumatic Heart Disease in Kerala: A Vanishing Entity? An Echo Doppler Study in 5-15-Years-Old School Children. International journal of rheumatology 2015, 930790, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/930790 (2015).","journal-title":"International journal of rheumatology"},{"key":"53540_CR65","first-page":"139","volume":"81","author":"W El-Aroussy","year":"2013","unstructured":"El-Aroussy, W. et al. Prevalence of Rheumatic Valvular Heart Disease Among Egyptian School Children: An Echocardiographic Screening. The Medical Journal of Cairo University 81, 139\u2013144 (2013).","journal-title":"The Medical Journal of Cairo University"},{"key":"53540_CR66","first-page":"337","volume":"23","author":"A Gul","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gul, A., Hassan, M. U. & Hafizullah, M. Rheumatic Heart Disease in urban school children of Peshawar. JPMI - Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute 23, 337\u2013340 (2009).","journal-title":"JPMI - Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute"},{"key":"53540_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2014.03.2151","volume":"9","author":"L Kennedy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kennedy, L. et al. Burden of rheumatic heart disease in the Solomon Islands. Global heart 9, e260, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gheart.2014.03.2151 (2014).","journal-title":"Global heart"},{"key":"53540_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951117000907","volume":"27","author":"M Allen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Allen, M. et al. A rapid echocardiographic screening protocol for rheumatic heart disease in Samoa: a high prevalence of advanced disease. Cardiology in the young 27, 1599\u20131605, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951117000907 (2017).","journal-title":"Cardiology in the young"},{"key":"53540_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2016.03.416","volume":"11","author":"S Viali","year":"2016","unstructured":"Viali, S., Futi, V. & Lafaele, T. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease among secondary school children in Samoa detected by echocardiography screening. Global heart 11, e120, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gheart.2016.03.416 (2016).","journal-title":"Global heart"},{"issue":"7","key":"53540_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0133004","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133004","volume":"10","author":"Ernest Spitzer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spitzer, E. et al. Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease among Peruvian Children: A Two-Stage Sampling Observational Study. PloS one 10, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0133004 (2015).","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"53540_CR71","first-page":"S35","volume":"7","author":"TR Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh, T. R. et al. Prevalence of subclinical RHD detected by echocardiography - Doppler study using WHF 2012 criteria in school going children aged 5-15 years of Manipur, a North-Eastern Indian state. Annals of pediatric cardiology 7, S35\u2013S36 (2014).","journal-title":"Annals of pediatric cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2015.0292","volume":"1","author":"NR Shrestha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shrestha, N. R. et al. Prevalence of Subclinical Rheumatic Heart Disease in Eastern Nepal: A School-Based Cross-sectional Study. JAMA cardiology 1, 89\u201396, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2015.0292 (2016).","journal-title":"JAMA cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.09.184","volume":"249","author":"Anita Saxena","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saxena, A. et al. Echocardiographic prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in Indian school children using World Heart Federation criteria - A multi site extension of RHEUMATIC study (the e-RHEUMATIC study). International journal of cardiology, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.09.184 (2017).","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12353","volume":"11","author":"AS Sanyahumbi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sanyahumbi, A. S. et al. School and Community Screening Shows Malawi, Africa, to Have a High Prevalence of Latent Rheumatic Heart Disease. Congenital heart disease 11, 615\u2013621 (2016).","journal-title":"Congenital heart disease"},{"key":"53540_CR75","first-page":"235","volume":"23","author":"E Rossi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rossi, E., Felici, A. R. & Banteyrga, L. Subclinical rheumatic heart disease in an Eritrean high-school population, detected by echocardiography. The Journal of heart valve disease 23, 235\u2013239 (2014).","journal-title":"The Journal of heart valve disease"},{"key":"53540_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.113.003495","volume":"129","author":"K Roberts","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roberts, K. et al. Echocardiographic Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease in High and Low Risk Australian Children. Circulation 129, 1953\u20131961, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.113.003495 (2014).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"53540_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308236","volume":"102","author":"M Ploutz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ploutz, M. et al. Handheld echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease by non-experts. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 102, 35\u201339, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308236 (2016).","journal-title":"Heart (British Cardiac Society)"},{"issue":"1","key":"53540_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-017-1724-4","volume":"39","author":"Jennifer H. Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang, J. H. et al. Echocardiographic Screening of Rheumatic Heart Disease in American Samoa. Pediatric cardiology, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00246-017-1724-4 (2017).","journal-title":"Pediatric Cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2016.03.251","volume":"11","author":"T Fakakovikaetau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fakakovikaetau, T. et al. Echocardiography screening for RHD of 5-15 years old children saves lives. Global heart 11, e71, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gheart.2016.03.251 (2016).","journal-title":"Global heart"},{"key":"53540_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.21767\/AMJ.2017.3047","volume":"10","author":"CM Campanale","year":"2017","unstructured":"Campanale, C. M. et al. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in North Madagascar: An echocardiographic screening in young and adult populations. Australasian Medical Journal 10, 620\u2013627, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21767\/AMJ.2017.3047 (2017).","journal-title":"Australasian Medical Journal"},{"key":"53540_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeu296","volume":"16","author":"A Beaton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beaton, A. et al. The utility of handheld echocardiography for early rheumatic heart disease diagnosis: a field study. European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging 16, 475\u2013482, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jeu296 (2015).","journal-title":"European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"53540_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw432","volume":"37","author":"A Yildiz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yildiz, A. et al. Echocardiography screening for rheumatic heart disease among schoolchildren in southeastern anatolia region of Turkey. European heart journal 37, 461, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw432 (2016).","journal-title":"European heart journal"},{"key":"53540_CR83","first-page":"156","volume":"1","author":"P Yadav","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yadav, P., Joshi, P., Gupta, J., Joseph, D. & Sakhi, P. Prevalence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in school children in Malwa region of MP. National. Journal of Community Medicine 1, 156\u2013158 (2010).","journal-title":"Journal of Community Medicine"},{"key":"53540_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951111000266","volume":"21","author":"RH Webb","year":"2011","unstructured":"Webb, R. H. et al. Optimising echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease in New Zealand: not all valve disease is rheumatic. Cardiology in the young 21, 436\u2013443, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951111000266 (2011).","journal-title":"Cardiology in the young"},{"key":"53540_CR85","first-page":"28","volume":"90","author":"WE Sadoh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sadoh, W. E., Omuemu, V. O. & Israel-aina, Y. T. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease among primary school pupils in Mid-Western Nigeria. East African medical journal 90, 28\u201332 (2013).","journal-title":"East African medical journal"},{"key":"53540_CR86","first-page":"518","volume":"49","author":"PR Regmi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Regmi, P. R. & Pandey, M. R. Prevalence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in school children of Kathmandu city. Indian heart journal 49, 518\u2013520 (1997).","journal-title":"Indian heart journal"},{"key":"53540_CR87","first-page":"105","volume":"1","author":"MJ Mahmoudi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mahmoudi, M. J., Rezaei, N. & Mahmoudi, M. The prevalence of rheumatic heart disease among school children in urban areas of Hamadan province. Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research 1, 105\u2013110 (2003).","journal-title":"Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research"},{"key":"53540_CR88","first-page":"160","volume":"12","author":"R-UR Kaul","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kaul, R.-U. R., Masoodi, M. A., Wani, K. A., Hamdy, G. & Qureshi, K. A. Prevalence of Rheumatic Heart Disease in School Children (5-15 years) in a Rural Block of Srinagar. JK Practitioner 12, 160\u2013162 (2005).","journal-title":"JK Practitioner"},{"key":"53540_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2014.03.1793","volume":"9","author":"S Gautam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gautam, S. Prevalence and pattern of Rheumatic Heart Disease in School children from Eastern part of underdeveloped, poor country Nepal, A cross-sectional, observational study. Global heart 9, e159, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gheart.2014.03.1793 (2014).","journal-title":"Global heart"},{"key":"53540_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2014.03.1792","volume":"9","author":"AAM Farrag","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farrag, A. A. M., El Aroussy, W. A., El Hagracy, N., Fawzy, H. & Taha, N. Echocardiographic screening for Rheumatic Valvular Heart Disease among Egyptian school children. Global heart 9, e158\u2013e159, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gheart.2014.03.1792 (2014).","journal-title":"Global heart"},{"key":"53540_CR91","first-page":"233","volume":"73","author":"AM Abdel-Moula","year":"1998","unstructured":"Abdel-Moula, A. M. et al. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease among school children in Alexandria, Egypt: a prospective epidemiological study. The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association 73, 233\u2013254 (1998).","journal-title":"The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association"},{"key":"53540_CR92","first-page":"29","volume":"9","author":"A Uener","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uener, A. et al. The ratio of congenital heart disease and innocent murmur in children in Van city, the Eastern Turkey. Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi-the Anatolian Journal of Cardiology 9, 29\u201334 (2009).","journal-title":"Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi-the Anatolian Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9149(03)00338-2","volume":"91","author":"WL Schaffer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schaffer, W. L. et al. Prevalence and correlates of rheumatic heart disease in American Indians (The Strong Heart Study). American Journal of Cardiology 91, 1379\u20131382, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9149(03)00338-2 (2003).","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2008.143982","volume":"95","author":"M Sadiq","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sadiq, M. et al. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in school children of urban Lahore. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 95, 353\u2013357, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.2008.143982 (2009).","journal-title":"Heart (British Cardiac Society)"},{"key":"53540_CR95","first-page":"601","volume":"76","author":"K Oli","year":"1999","unstructured":"Oli, K. & Porteous, J. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease among school children in Addis Ababa. East African medical journal 76, 601\u2013605 (1999).","journal-title":"East African medical journal"},{"key":"53540_CR96","first-page":"42","volume":"59","author":"M Misra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Misra, M. et al. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in school-going children of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Indian heart journal 59, 42\u201343 (2007).","journal-title":"Indian heart journal"},{"key":"53540_CR97","first-page":"215","volume":"73","author":"GM Anabwani","year":"1996","unstructured":"Anabwani, G. M. & Bonhoeffer, P. Prevalence of heart disease in school children in rural Kenya using colour-flow echocardiography. East African medical journal 73, 215\u2013217 (1996).","journal-title":"East African medical journal"},{"key":"53540_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951115001857","volume":"26","author":"LJ Zuhlke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zuhlke, L. J., Engel, M. E., Nkepu, S. & Mayosi, B. M. Evaluation of a focussed protocol for hand-held echocardiography and computer-assisted auscultation in detecting latent rheumatic heart disease in scholars. Cardiology in the young 26, 1097\u20131106, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951115001857 (2016).","journal-title":"Cardiology in the young"},{"key":"53540_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.7","volume":"9","author":"B Remenyi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Remenyi, B. et al. World Heart Federation criteria for echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease\u2013an evidence-based guideline. Nature reviews. Cardiology 9, 297\u2013309, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.7 (2012).","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e43917","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043917","volume":"7","author":"E Okello","year":"2012","unstructured":"Okello, E. et al. Socioeconomic and environmental risk factors among rheumatic heart disease patients in Uganda. PloS one 7, e43917, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0043917 (2012).","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"53540_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(11)61171-9","volume":"379","author":"E Marijon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marijon, E., Mirabel, M., Celermajer, D. S. & Jouven, X. Rheumatic heart disease. Lancet (London, England) 379, 953\u2013964, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(11)61171-9 (2012).","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"53540_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-300792","volume":"97","author":"A Saxena","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saxena, A. et al. Prevalence and outcome of subclinical rheumatic heart disease in India: the RHEUMATIC (Rheumatic Heart Echo Utilisation and Monitoring Actuarial Trends in Indian Children) study. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 97, 2018\u20132022, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-300792 (2011).","journal-title":"Heart (British Cardiac Society)"},{"key":"53540_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0225-3","volume":"16","author":"L Zuhlke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zuhlke, L. et al. The natural history of latent rheumatic heart disease in a 5 year follow-up study: a prospective observational study. BMC cardiovascular disorders 16, 46, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-016-0225-3 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC cardiovascular disorders"},{"key":"53540_CR104","unstructured":"WHO. Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: report of a WHO Expert Consultation. (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2001)."},{"key":"53540_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zuehlke, L. et al. The natural history of latent rheumatic heart disease in a 5 year follow-up study: a prospective observational study. BMC cardiovascular disorders 16, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-016-0225-3 (2016).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0225-3"},{"key":"53540_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1586\/17434440.2014.930661","volume":"11","author":"A Saxena","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saxena, A. Increasing detection of rheumatic heart disease with echocardiography. Expert review of medical devices 11, 491\u2013497, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/17434440.2014.930661 (2014).","journal-title":"Expert review of medical devices"},{"key":"53540_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e677","DOI":"10.1016\/s2214-109x(14)70331-6","volume":"2","author":"BM Mayosi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mayosi, B. M. The challenge of silent rheumatic heart disease. The Lancet. Global health 2, e677\u2013678, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2214-109x(14)70331-6 (2014).","journal-title":"The Lancet. Global health"},{"key":"53540_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2011.01487.x","volume":"28","author":"M Bhaya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bhaya, M., Beniwal, R., Panwar, S. & Panwar, R. B. Two years of follow-up validates the echocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis and screening of rheumatic heart disease in asymptomatic populations. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) 28, 929\u2013933, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2011.01487.x (2011).","journal-title":"Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)"},{"issue":"23","key":"53540_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029936","volume":"136","author":"Andrea Beaton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beaton, A. et al. Latent Rheumatic Heart Disease: Identifying the Children at Highest Risk of Unfavorable Outcome. Circulation, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.117.029936 (2017).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"53540_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1136\/heartasia-2016-010847","volume":"8","author":"D Engelman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Engelman, D. et al. Screening-detected rheumatic heart disease can progress to severe disease. Heart Asia 8, 67\u201373, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartasia-2016-010847 (2016).","journal-title":"Heart Asia"},{"key":"53540_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2015.0303","volume":"1","author":"BM Mayosi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mayosi, B. M. Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease in Eastern Nepal. JAMA cardiology 1, 96\u201397, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2015.0303 (2016).","journal-title":"JAMA cardiology"},{"key":"53540_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carapetis, J. R. et al. Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Nature Reviews Disease Primers 2, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2015.84 (2016).","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.84"},{"key":"53540_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.45.3.543","volume":"45","author":"DG Tompkins","year":"1972","unstructured":"Tompkins, D. G., Boxerbaum, B. & Liebman, J. Long-term prognosis of rheumatic fever patients receiving regular intramuscular benzathine penicillin. Circulation 45, 543\u2013551, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.45.3.543 (1972).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"53540_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0121363","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121363","volume":"10","author":"DA Watkins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Watkins, D. A., Mvundura, M., Nordet, P. & Mayosi, B. M. A cost-effectiveness analysis of a program to control rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Pinar del Rio, Cuba. PloS one 10, e0121363, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0121363 (2015).","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"53540_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2069.197051","volume":"10","author":"S Dougherty","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dougherty, S., Khorsandi, M. & Herbst, P. Rheumatic heart disease screening: Current concepts and challenges. Annals of pediatric cardiology 10, 39\u201349, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-2069.197051 (2017).","journal-title":"Annals of pediatric cardiology"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-53540-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-53540-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-53540-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T16:06:07Z","timestamp":1671293167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-53540-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["53540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-53540-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 February 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 November 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"17022"}}