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Fifty patients (0\u201315 years old) with IND-B were included in the study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all 50 patients and from 10 healthy asymptomatic children (controls). Rectal biopsies were collected from 29\/50 patients; biopsy tissues were needle microdissected to isolate the different intestinal layers, for molecular analysis. Global miRNA expression was determined using TaqMan arrays. Correlation analysis between miRNA expression in plasma and biopsy samples as well as among tissues derived from the distinct intestinal layers was performed. Computational approaches were used for miRNA target prediction\/identification of miRNA-regulated genes and enriched pathways biologically relevant to IND-B pathogenesis. miRNAs were statistically significantly deregulated (FC\u2009\u2265\u20092 and p\u2009\u2264\u20090.05) in submucosal and muscular layers: over-expressed (miR-146a and miR-146b) and under-expressed (miR-99a, miR-100, miR-130a, miR-133b, miR-145, miR-365, miR-374-5p, miR-451). Notably, let-7a-5p was highly over-expressed in patient plasma compared to healthy controls (FC\u2009=\u200917.4). In addition, miR-451 was significantly under-expressed in both plasma and all biopsy tissues from the same patients. Enriched pathways (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) were axon guidance, nerve growth factor signalling, NCAM signalling for neurite out-growth, neuronal system and apoptosis. miRNA expression is deregulated in the submucosa and muscular layers of the rectum and detected in plasma from patients with IND-B. Biologically enriched pathways regulated by the identified miRNAs may play a role in IND-B disease pathogenesis, due to the activity related to the neurons of the enteric nervous system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54245-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T11:02:46Z","timestamp":1574852566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Identification of potential molecular pathogenesis mechanisms modulated by microRNAs in patients with Intestinal Neuronal Dysplasia type B"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Marcos C.","family":"Angelini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alana Maia e.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tainara F.","family":"Felix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer M. 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