{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T17:41:16Z","timestamp":1790530876359,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> is the most common pathogenic gram-negative bacteria causing corneal ulcers globally. In severe cases, often after trauma and eye injury, corneal destruction progresses rapidly and may be completed within 24\u201348\u2009h causing blindness. In our preliminary work, we have established an ultrasensitive polyaniline (PANI)\/gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)\/indium tin oxide (ITO) modified sensor for rapid detection of pyocyanin (PYO) in <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> infections with a linear range from 238\u2009\u03bcM to 1.9\u2009\u03bcM and a detection limit of 500\u2009nM. In the present study, we evaluated the efficiency of the established modified electrochemical sensor in the diagnosis of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> in 50 samples collected from patients suffering from corneal ulcers. The obtained results were compared with the results gained by the screen-printed electrode, conventional techniques, automated identification method, and the amplification of the 16\u2009s rRNA gene by PCR as a gold standard test for <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> identification. We have found that the electrochemical detection of PYO by square wave voltammetry technique using PANI\/Au NPs modified ITO electrode was the only technique showing 100% agreement with the molecular method in sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values when compared with the SPE, conventional and automated methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54667-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T11:02:34Z","timestamp":1575457354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Highly specific Electrochemical Sensing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients suffering from corneal ulcers: A comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Marwa M.","family":"Khalifa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal A.","family":"Elkhawaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona A.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa M.","family":"Zahran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Fathalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7052-7612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waleed A.","family":"El-Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omnia","family":"El-Badawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"54667_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janumala, H., Sehgal, P. K. & Mandal, A. B., Bacterial keratitis-causes, symptoms and treatment. Keratitis (2012).","DOI":"10.5772\/34599"},{"issue":"4","key":"54667_CR2","first-page":"191","volume":"53","author":"TT Gebremariam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gebremariam, T. T. Bacteriology and Risk Factors of Bacterial Keratitis in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J 53(4), 191\u20137 (2015).","journal-title":"Ethiop Med J"},{"issue":"6799","key":"54667_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1038\/35023079","volume":"406","author":"CK Stover","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stover, C. K. et al. Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic pathogen. Nature 406(6799), 959\u201364 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"54667_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2010.05.003","volume":"11","author":"B Stuart","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stuart, B., Lin, J. H. & Mogayzel, P. J. Jr. Early eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis. Paediatr Respir Rev 11(3), 177\u201384 (2010).","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"54667_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.04.028","volume":"60","author":"TA Webster","year":"2014","unstructured":"Webster, T. A., Sismaet, H. J., Conte, J. L., Chan, I. P. & Goluch, E. D. Electrochemical detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in human fluid samples via pyocyanin. Biosens Bioelectron 60, 265\u201370 (2014).","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"issue":"Suppl 1, (suppl","key":"54667_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.suppl_1.5","volume":"48","author":"JM Andrews","year":"2001","unstructured":"Andrews, J. M. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. Antimicrob Chemother 48(Suppl 1, (suppl_1)), 5\u201316 (2001).","journal-title":"Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"54667_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003101","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003101","volume":"9","author":"B Cezairliyan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cezairliyan, B. et al. Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phenazines that kill Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Pathog 9(1), e1003101 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"54667_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2008.01394.x","volume":"290","author":"JL Fothergill","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fothergill, J. L. & Winstanley, C. The role of quorum sensing in chronic cystic fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. FEMS Microbiology Letters 290(1), 1\u20139 (2009).","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Letters"},{"issue":"5","key":"54667_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05306.x","volume":"61","author":"LE Dietrich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dietrich, L. E., Price\u2010Whelan, A., Petersen, A., Whiteley, M. & Newman, D. K. The phenazine pyocyanin is a terminal signalling factor in the quorum sensing network of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecular microbiology 61(5), 1308\u20131321 (2006).","journal-title":"Molecular microbiology"},{"issue":"16","key":"54667_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2016-0155","volume":"11","author":"FA Alatraktchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alatraktchi, F. A., Johansen, H. K., Molin, S. & Svendsen, W. E. Electrochemical sensing of biomarker for diagnostics of bacteria-specific infections. Nanomedicine (Lond) 11(16), 2185\u201395 (2016).","journal-title":"Nanomedicine (Lond)"},{"issue":"51","key":"54667_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18255","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1421211111","volume":"111","author":"JL Connell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Connell, J. L., Kim, J., Shear, J. B., Bard, A. J. & Whiteley, M. Real-time monitoring of quorum sensing in 3D-printed bacterial aggregates using scanning electrochemical microscopy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(51), 18255\u201318260 (2014).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"54667_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2009.07.008","volume":"77","author":"D Sharp","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sharp, D., Gladstone, P., Smith, R. B., Forsythe, S. & Davis, J. Approaching intelligent infection diagnostics: Carbon fibre sensor for electrochemical pyocyanin detection. Bioelectrochemistry 77(2), 114\u20139 (2010).","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"54667_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3390\/s16030408","volume":"16","author":"FA Alatraktchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alatraktchi, F. A., Breum Andersen, S., Krogh Johansen, H., Molin, S. & Svendsen, W. E. Fast selective detection of pyocyanin using cyclic voltammetry. Sensors 16(3), 408 (2016).","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"12","key":"54667_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2010.10.015","volume":"12","author":"WA El-Said","year":"2010","unstructured":"El-Said, W. A., Lee, J.-H., Oh, B.-K. & Choi, J.-W. 3-D nanoporous gold thin film for the simultaneous electrochemical determination of dopamine and ascorbic acid. Electrochemistry Communications 12(12), 1756\u20131759 (2010).","journal-title":"Electrochemistry Communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"54667_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2010.07.089","volume":"26","author":"WA El-Said","year":"2010","unstructured":"El-Said, W. A., Kim, T.-H., Kim, H. & Choi, J.-W. Detection of effect of chemotherapeutic agents to cancer cells on gold nanoflower patterned substrate using surface-enhanced Raman scattering and cyclic voltammetry. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 26(4), 1486\u20131492 (2010).","journal-title":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics"},{"issue":"45","key":"54667_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455501","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/21\/45\/455501","volume":"21","author":"WA El-Said","year":"2010","unstructured":"El-Said, W. A., Kim, T.-H., Kim, H. & Choi, J.-W. Three-dimensional mesoporous gold film to enhance the sensitivity of electrochemical detection. Nanotechnology 21(45), 455501 (2010).","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"issue":"23","key":"54667_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235304","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/22\/23\/235304","volume":"22","author":"M Jung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jung, M., El-Said, W. A. & Choi, J.-W. Fabrication of gold nanodot arrays on a transparent substrate as a nanobioplatform for label-free visualization of living cells. Nanotechnology. 22(23), 235304 (2011).","journal-title":"Nanotechnology."},{"issue":"3","key":"54667_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2012.08.006","volume":"9","author":"TH Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim, T. H., El-Said, W. A., An, J. H. & Choi, J. W. ITO\/gold nanoparticle\/RGD peptide composites to enhance electrochemical signals and proliferation of human neural stem cells. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. 9(3), 336\u201344 (2013).\u00a0","journal-title":"Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine."},{"key":"54667_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2013.12.144","volume":"123","author":"WA El-Said","year":"2014","unstructured":"El-Said, W. A. & Choi, J.-W. Electrochemical Biosensor consisted of conducting polymer layer on gold nanodots patterned Indium Tin Oxide electrode for rapid and simultaneous determination of purine bases. Electrochimica Acta 123, 51\u201357 (2014).","journal-title":"Electrochimica Acta"},{"issue":"14","key":"54667_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11025","DOI":"10.1021\/am5016099","volume":"6","author":"X Lv","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lv, X. et al. Rapid and ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria based on nanostructured gold coated ITO electrode. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6(14), 11025\u201331 (2014).","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"3","key":"54667_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.201600467","volume":"29","author":"WA El\u2010Said","year":"2017","unstructured":"El\u2010Said, W. A., Abd El\u2010Hameed, K., Abo El\u2010Maali, N. & Sayyed, H. G. Label\u2010free Electrochemical Sensor for Ex\u2010vivo Monitoring of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Biomarker. Electroanalysis 29(3), 748\u2013755 (2017).","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"54667_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b05455","volume":"91","author":"Z Qiu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qiu, Z., Shu, J., Liu, J. & Tang, D. Dual-channel photoelectrochemical ratiometric aptasensor with up-converting nanocrystals using spatial-resolved technique on homemade 3D printed device. Analytical chemistry 91(2), 1260\u20131268 (2018).","journal-title":"Analytical chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"54667_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b05265","volume":"91","author":"R Zeng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zeng, R. et al. Palindromic molecular beacon based Z-scheme BiOCl-Au-CdS photoelectrochemical biodetection. Analytical chemistry 91(3), 2447\u20132454 (2019).","journal-title":"Analytical chemistry"},{"issue":"15","key":"54667_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9568","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b02421","volume":"90","author":"Z Luo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luo, Z., Zhang, L., Zeng, R., Su, L. & Tang, D. Near-infrared light-excited core\u2013core\u2013shell UCNP@ Au@ CdS upconversion nanospheres for ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical enzyme immunoassay. Analytical chemistry 90(15), 9568\u20139575 (2018).","journal-title":"Analytical chemistry"},{"key":"54667_CR25","first-page":"839","volume":"51","author":"D Wei","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wei, D. & Ivaska, A. Electrochemical biosensors based on polyaniline. Chemia analityczna 51, 839\u2013852 (2006).","journal-title":"Chemia analityczna"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"54667_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-014-1366-7","volume":"182","author":"B Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, B., He, Y., Liu, B. & Tang, D. Nickel-functionalized reduced graphene oxide with polyaniline for non-enzymatic glucose sensing. Microchimica Acta 182(3-4), 625\u2013631 (2015).","journal-title":"Microchimica Acta"},{"issue":"20","key":"54667_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12299","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b03889","volume":"90","author":"R Zeng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zeng, R., Luo, Z., Zhang, L. & Tang, D. Platinum nanozyme-catalyzed gas generation for pressure-based bioassay using polyaniline nanowires-functionalized graphene oxide framework. Analytical chemistry 90(20), 12299\u201312306 (2018).","journal-title":"Analytical chemistry"},{"key":"54667_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elkhawaga, A. A.; Khalifa, M. M.; El-badawy, O. H. B.; Hassan, M. A.; El-Said, W. A. Rapid and highly sensitive detection of pyocyanin biomarker in different <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em> infections using gold nanoparticles modified sensor. 616797 (2019)","DOI":"10.1101\/616797"},{"issue":"4","key":"54667_CR29","first-page":"64","volume":"153","author":"J Robinson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Robinson, J., Ellen, J., Hadel, B. & Lighthizer, N. Collecting a corneal culture. Review of Optometry 153(4), 64\u201371 (2016).","journal-title":"Review of Optometry"},{"issue":"11","key":"54667_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.201800569","volume":"3","author":"CR Santiveri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Santiveri, C. R., Sismaet, H. J., Kimani, M. & Goluch, E. D. Electrochemical Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Polymicrobial Environments. ChemistrySelect 3(11), 2926\u20132930 (2018).","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"issue":"3","key":"54667_CR31","first-page":"273","volume":"7","author":"MF Al-Kobaisi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Al-Kobaisi, M. F. & Jawetz, M. & Adelberg\u2019s Medical Microbiology: 24(th) Edition. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 7(3), 273\u2013275 (2007).","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J"},{"key":"54667_CR32","unstructured":"Isenberg, H. D., Clinical microbiology procedures handbook. American Society of Microbiology (1992)."},{"key":"54667_CR33","unstructured":"Mackie, T. J. Mackie & McCartney practical medical microbiology. Harcourt Health Sciences (1996)."},{"issue":"3","key":"54667_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.13.3.456-458.1981","volume":"13","author":"E Reyes","year":"1981","unstructured":"Reyes, E., Bale, M. J., Cannon, W. H. & Matsen, J. M. Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by pyocyanin production on Tech agar. Journal of clinical microbiology 13(3), 456\u2013458 (1981).","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"issue":"4_ts","key":"54667_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493","volume":"45","author":"A Bauer","year":"1966","unstructured":"Bauer, A., Kirby, W., Sherris, J. C. & Turck, M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American journal of clinical pathology 45(4_ts), 493\u2013496 (1966).","journal-title":"American journal of clinical pathology"},{"key":"54667_CR36","unstructured":"CLSI, Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 28th, Ed. Vol. informational supplement M100 (2018)."},{"issue":"2","key":"54667_CR37","first-page":"37","volume":"57","author":"R Caylan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Caylan, R. et al. An epidemiological analysis of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains in a university hospital. Jpn J Infect Dis 57(2), 37\u201340 (2004).","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"54667_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.5.2074-2079.2004","volume":"42","author":"T Spilker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Spilker, T., Coenye, T., Vandamme, P. & LiPuma, J. J. PCR-based assay for differentiation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from other Pseudomonas species recovered from cystic fibrosis patients. J Clin Microbiol 42(5), 2074\u20139 (2004).","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"54667_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpc.2008.09.015","volume":"138","author":"R Gulaboski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gulaboski, R., Lovri\u0107, M., Mirceski, V., Bogeski, I. & Hoth, M. A new rapid and simple method to determine the kinetics of electrode reactions of biologically relevant compounds from the half-peak width of the square-wave voltammograms. Biophysical chemistry 138(3), 130\u2013137 (2008).","journal-title":"Biophysical chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"54667_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2018.016","volume":"41","author":"S Watson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Watson, S., Cabrera-Aguas, M. & Khoo, P. Common eye infections. Aust Prescr 41(3), 67\u201372 (2018).","journal-title":"Aust Prescr"},{"issue":"5","key":"54667_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300539","volume":"96","author":"D Pascolini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pascolini, D. & Mariotti, S. P. Global estimates of visual impairment: 2010. Br J Ophthalmol 96(5), 614\u20138 (2012).","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"54667_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318156caf2","volume":"27","author":"M Green","year":"2008","unstructured":"Green, M., Apel, A. & Stapleton, F. Risk factors and causative organisms in microbial keratitis. Cornea 27(1), 22\u20137 (2008).","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"3","key":"54667_CR43","first-page":"557","volume":"7","author":"XL Sheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sheng, X. L. et al. Prevalence and associated factors of corneal blindness in Ningxia in northwest China. Int J Ophthalmol 7(3), 557\u201362 (2014).","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"54667_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.120153","volume":"38","author":"N Gupta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gupta, N., Tandon, R., Gupta, S. K., Sreenivas, V. & Vashist, P. Burden of corneal blindness in India. Indian J Community Med 38(4), 198\u2013206 (2013).","journal-title":"Indian J Community Med"},{"key":"54667_CR45","first-page":"453","volume":"7","author":"A Eby","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eby, A. & Hazlett, L. Pseudomonas keratitis, a review of where we\u2019ve been and what lies ahead. Microb Biochem Technol 7, 453\u2013457 (2015).","journal-title":"Microb Biochem Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"54667_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57050","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057050","volume":"8","author":"Z Xu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu, Z., Fang, X., Wood, T. K., Huang, Z. J. & Systems-Level, A. Approach for Investigating Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation. PloS one 8(2), e57050 (2013).","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"6","key":"54667_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01681.x","volume":"13","author":"N Mesaros","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mesaros, N. et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: resistance and therapeutic options at the turn of the new millennium. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 13(6), 560\u2013578 (2007).","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"issue":"12","key":"54667_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2907","volume":"10","author":"A Folkesson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Folkesson, A. et al. Adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the cystic fibrosis airway: an evolutionary perspective. Nat Rev Microbiol 10(12), 841\u201351 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"54667_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3789","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CC08590F","volume":"51","author":"T Seviour","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seviour, T. et al. Voltammetric profiling of redox-active metabolites expressed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa for diagnostic purposes. Chemical Communications 51(18), 3789\u20133792 (2015).","journal-title":"Chemical Communications"},{"key":"54667_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coyle, S., Curto, V. F., Benito-Lopez, F., Florea, L. & Diamond, D., Wearable bio and chemical sensors. In Wearable sensors, Elsevier: pp 65\u201383 (2014).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-418662-0.00002-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"54667_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b04630","volume":"89","author":"S Nayak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nayak, S., Blumenfeld, N. R., Laksanasopin, T. & Sia, S. K. Point-of-care diagnostics: Recent developments in a connected age. Analytical chemistry 89(1), 102\u2013123 (2016).","journal-title":"Analytical chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"54667_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01210-2","volume":"8","author":"T Carey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carey, T. et al. Fully inkjet-printed two-dimensional material field-effect heterojunctions for wearable and textile electronics. Nature communications 8(1), 1202 (2017).","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"197","key":"54667_CR53","first-page":"2","volume":"7","author":"A Amlil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amlil, A. et al. Electrochemical Biosensor for the Immediate Detection of Bacteria. Biosens Bioelectron 7(197), 2 (2016).","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"issue":"3","key":"54667_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2011.06.011","volume":"49","author":"C Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu, C. et al. Electrochemical detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 16S rRNA using a biosensor based on immobilized stem-loop structured probe. Enzyme Microb Technol 49(3), 266\u201371 (2011).","journal-title":"Enzyme Microb Technol"},{"key":"54667_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.05.042","volume":"97","author":"HJ Sismaet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sismaet, H. J., Pinto, A. J. & Goluch, E. D. Electrochemical sensors for identifying pyocyanin production in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Biosens Bioelectron 97, 65\u201369 (2017).","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"issue":"1","key":"54667_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1700750","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201700750","volume":"14","author":"G Maugeri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maugeri, G., Lychko, I., Sobral, R. & Roque, A. C. A. Identification and Antibiotic-Susceptibility Profiling of Infectious Bacterial Agents: A Review of Current and Future Trends. Biotechnol J 14(1), e1700750\u2013e1700750 (2019).","journal-title":"Biotechnol J"},{"issue":"7","key":"54667_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.19217","volume":"7","author":"K Syal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Syal, K. et al. Current and emerging techniques for antibiotic susceptibility tests. Theranostics 7(7), 1795\u20131805 (2017).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"2","key":"54667_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12414","volume":"24","author":"HJ Sismaet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sismaet, H. J. et al. Electrochemical detection of Pseudomonas in wound exudate samples from patients with chronic wounds. Wound Repair Regen 24(2), 366\u201372 (2016).","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-54667-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-54667-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-54667-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T16:57:56Z","timestamp":1671296276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-54667-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["54667"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-54667-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 November 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"18320"}}