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GSF acts as a transcriptional activator and has transactivation capacity based on yeast transcription activity assays. YFP\u2009+\u2009GSF-TM (lacking a transmembrane domain) fusion proteins accumulated in the nuclei, while the YFP\u2009+\u2009GSF fusion proteins only accumulated in the ER membrane and were absent from the nuclei. These results revealed that GSF requires processing and release from the ER and transportation into the nucleus to perform its function. The ectopic expression of\n                    <jats:italic>GSF-TM<\/jats:italic>\n                    caused a dwarfism phenotype, which was correlated with the upregulation of the gibberellin (GA) deactivation genes GA2-oxidases 2\/6 (GA2ox2\/6) and the downregulation of the GA biosynthetic genes GA20-oxidases 1\u20134 (GA20ox1-4). The external application of GA rescued the dwarfism in the 35\u2009S::\n                    <jats:italic>GSF-TM<\/jats:italic>\n                    plants, indicating that\n                    <jats:italic>GSF<\/jats:italic>\n                    affects GA biosynthesis, rather than the GA signaling pathway. Further analysis indicated that the upregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>GA2ox2\/6<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a key factor for the\n                    <jats:italic>GSF<\/jats:italic>\n                    function to regulate the GA level, since 35\u2009S::\n                    <jats:italic>GA20ox1<\/jats:italic>\n                    could not rescue the dwarfism in the 35\u2009S::\n                    <jats:italic>GSF-TM<\/jats:italic>\n                    plants. Cold treatment induced the processing of the YFP\u2009+\u2009GSF fusion proteins from the ER membrane and their entry into the nuclei, which is correlated with the cold-induced upregulation of GA2oxs. In addition, the expression of GA2oxs was induced by drought, and the 35\u2009S::\n                    <jats:italic>GSF-TM<\/jats:italic>\n                    plants showed drought tolerance compared to the wild-type plants. Our data suggest a role for\n                    <jats:italic>GSF<\/jats:italic>\n                    in response to abiotic stresses, such as cold and drought, by suppressing the biosynthesis of GA in Arabidopsis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55429-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T06:02:49Z","timestamp":1576562569000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["NAC-Like Gene GIBBERELLIN SUPPRESSING FACTOR Regulates the Gibberellin Metabolic Pathway in Response to Cold and Drought Stresses in Arabidopsis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hong-Ie","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Fang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Hsien","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"55429_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092804","volume":"59","author":"S Yamaguchi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yamaguchi, S. 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