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We included data on 13,701 preterm neonates born in 15 hospitals for the period 2013\u20132014 in China. Results showed a prevalence of preterm neonates of 9.9%. Most infants at 24\u201327 weeks who survived more than 12\u2009hours were mechanically ventilated (56.1%). Few infants born before 28 weeks received CPAP without first receiving mechanical ventilation (8.1%). Few preterm neonates received antenatal steroid(35.8% at 24\u201327 weeks, 57.9% at 28\u201331 weeks, 57.0% at 32\u201333 weeks and 32.7% at 34\u201336 weeks). Overall mortality was 1.9%. Most of the deaths at 24\u201327 weeks of gestation occurred within 12\u2009hours after birth, accounting for 68.1%(32\/47), and within 12\u201372\u2009hours after birth at 28\u201336 weeks of gestation, accounting for 47.4%(99\/209). Rates of survival to discharge increased from 68.2% at 24\u201327 weeks, 93.3% at 28\u201331 weeks, 99.2% at 32\u201333 weeks to 99.4% at 34\u201336 weeks. The smaller of the GA, there was a greater risk of morbidities due to prematurity. Preterm birth weight (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.407, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 0.346\u20130.478), antenatal steroid (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.680, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 0.493\u20130.938), and neonatal asphyxia (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.215, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 2.180\u20134.741) proved to significantly influence the odds of preterm neonatal death. Overall, our results support that most of the preterm neonates at 28\u201336 weeks of gestation survived without major morbidity. Rate of survival of GAs less than 28 weeks was still low. Maternal and infant care practices need to be improved in the very preterm births.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56101-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T11:03:12Z","timestamp":1577444592000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Care Practices, Morbidity and Mortality of Preterm Neonates in China, 2013\u20132014: a Retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Fengdan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunyan","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhankui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujuan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weipeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjie","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tieqiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhichun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"56101_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14323","volume":"55","author":"S Bolisetty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bolisetty, S. et al. 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