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However, available data on the immune pathogenesis in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients affected by dengue is insufficient. We performed an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> study to evaluate the sequential immunological reactions and viral load in dengue virus type 2-infected mononuclear cells of patients with ESRD (n\u2009=\u200934) and in healthy controls (n\u2009=\u200930). The concentrations of interleukins (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (Ra), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1b (MIP-1b), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 and viral load cycle threshold (Ct) were measured in the dengue virus type 2-infected mononuclear cells at 6\u2009h, 24\u2009h, 48\u2009h, and 72\u2009h post-infection. We found in the ESRD group significantly higher GM-CSF and IL-2 levels at 6\u2009h post-infection. However, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, TNF-\u03b1, MCP-1, and MIP-1b levels were found significantly lower than in the control group. At 24\u2009h, 48\u2009h, and 72\u2009h post-infection, significantly lower levels of IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, TNF-\u03b1, MCP-1, and MIP-1b were detected in ESRD group. Concentration of VEGF at 24\u2009h and 48\u2009h, and of GM-CSF at 48\u2009h and 72\u2009h were also found to be lower in ESRD group than in control group. Compared with controls, the viral load Ct values were significantly lower in ESRD group at 6\u2009h and 24\u2009h post-infection No significant difference in viral load Ct values between two groups was found at 48\u2009h and 72\u2009h post-infection. Our study discloses that the expression of immune mediators of dengue-infected mononuclear cells is impaired in ESRD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56381-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T11:02:32Z","timestamp":1577185352000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impaired production of immune mediators in dengue virus type 2-infected mononuclear cells of adults with end stage renal disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ing-Kit","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zih-Syuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwee-Yeong","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lung-Chih","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Yen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Te","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"56381_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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