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In contrast, no significant proportions of Zn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> are bound to MTs in the slug, <jats:italic>Arion vulgaris<\/jats:italic>. Instead, this species possesses cytoplasmic low-molecular-weight Zn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> (LMW Zn) binding compound that divert these metal ions into pathways uncoupled from MT metabolism. Zn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> is accumulated in the midgut gland calcium cells of <jats:italic>Arion vulgaris<\/jats:italic>, where they associate with a low-molecular-weight ligand with an apparent molecular mass of ~ 2,000\u2009Da. Mass spectrometry of the semi-purified LMW Zn binding compound combining an electrospray ion source with a differential mobility analyser coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer revealed the presence of four Zn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-containing ion signals, which arise from disintegration of one higher MW complex resulting in an ion-mobility diameter of 1.62\u2009nm and a molecular mass of 837\u2009Da. We expect that the novel Zn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> ion storage pathway may be shared by many other gastropods, and particularly species that possess Cd-selective MT isoforms or variants with only very low affinity to Zn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56577-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T11:02:42Z","timestamp":1577444562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Distinct pathways for zinc metabolism in the terrestrial slug Arion vulgaris"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5614-7536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Dvorak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raimund","family":"Schnegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willy","family":"Salvenmoser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d2scar","family":"Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Lindner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0475-438X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Zerbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Hansel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3343-5425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Leiminger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Dallinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7256-7132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reinhard","family":"Lackner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"56577_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1993.73.1.79","volume":"73","author":"BL Vallee","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vallee, B. 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