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A priming dose of <jats:italic>P. textilis<\/jats:italic> venom (2\u2009\u00b5g\/kg, i.v.) prevented collapse by <jats:italic>E. ocellatus<\/jats:italic> venom (50\u2009\u00b5g\/kg, i.v.), but had no significant effect on subsequent addition <jats:italic>of D. russelii<\/jats:italic> venom (1\u2009mg\/kg, i.v). Two priming doses (1\u2009\u00b5g\/kg, i.v.) of <jats:italic>E. ocellatus<\/jats:italic> venom prevented collapse by <jats:italic>E. ocellatus<\/jats:italic> venom (50\u2009\u00b5g\/kg, i.v.). <jats:italic>B. gabonica<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>C. vegrandis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. arietans<\/jats:italic> (all at 200\u2009\u00b5g\/kg, i.v.) induced mild transient hypotension. Artificial respiration prevented <jats:italic>D. russelii<\/jats:italic> venom induced prolonged hypotension but not rapid cardiovascular collapse from <jats:italic>E. ocellatus<\/jats:italic> venom. <jats:italic>D. russelii<\/jats:italic> venom (0.001\u20131\u2009\u03bcg\/ml) caused concentration-dependent relaxation (EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200982.2\u2009\u00b1\u200915.3\u2009ng\/ml, R<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200991\u2009\u00b1\u20091%) in pre-contracted mesenteric arteries. In contrast, <jats:italic>E. ocellatus<\/jats:italic> venom (1\u2009\u00b5g\/ml) only produced a maximum relaxant effect of 27\u2009\u00b1\u200914%, suggesting that rapid cardiovascular collapse is unlikely to be due to peripheral vasodilation. The prevention of rapid cardiovascular collapse, by \u2018priming\u2019 doses of venom, supports a role for depletable endogenous mediators in this phenomenon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56643-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T11:02:42Z","timestamp":1577444562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["An in vivo examination of the differences between rapid cardiovascular collapse and prolonged hypotension induced by snake venom"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Rahini","family":"Kakumanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara K.","family":"Kemp-Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9968-3707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anjana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjaya","family":"Kuruppu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1519-7419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey K.","family":"Isbister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne C.","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"56643_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2012.10.020","volume":"28","author":"NR Casewell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Casewell, N. 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