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In comparison to bony craniofacial tissues, adaptive morphogenesis of soft tissues has been rarely addressed, particularly at the molecular level. The nuchal hump in cichlids fishes is one such soft-tissue and exaggerated trait that is hypothesized to play an innovative role in the adaptive radiation of cichlids fishes. It has also evolved in parallel across lakes in East Africa and Central America. Using gene expression profiling, we identified and validated a set of genes involved in nuchal hump formation in the Lake Malawi dolphin cichlid,\n                    <jats:italic>Cyrtocara moorii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In particular, we found genes differentially expressed in the nuchal hump, which are involved in controlling cell proliferation (\n                    <jats:italic>btg3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>fosl1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>pdgfrb<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), cell growth (\n                    <jats:italic>dlk1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), craniofacial morphogenesis (\n                    <jats:italic>dlx5a<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>mycn<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>tcf12<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), as well as regulators of growth-related signals (\n                    <jats:italic>dpt<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>pappa<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>socs2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). This is the first study to identify the set of genes associated with nuchal hump formation in cichlids. Given that the hump is a trait that evolved repeatedly in several African and American cichlid lineages, it would be interesting to see if the molecular pathways and genes triggering hump formation follow a common genetic track or if the trait evolved in parallel, with distinct mechanisms, in other cichlid adaptive radiations and even in other teleost fishes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56771-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T06:02:44Z","timestamp":1577685764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Molecular mechanisms underlying nuchal hump formation in dolphin cichlid, Cyrtocara moorii"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Laur\u00e8ne Alicia","family":"Lecaudey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Sturmbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan Pashay","family":"Ahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"56771_CR1","first-page":"181","volume":"7","author":"M Schartl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schartl, M. 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