{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T05:27:55Z","timestamp":1776835675302,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]],"date-time":"2020-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578960000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]],"date-time":"2020-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polycystic kidney disease is a complex clinical entity which comprises a group of genetic diseases that leads to renal cyst development. We evaluated the most suitable housekeeping genes for microRNA expression by RT-qPCR analyses of kidney tissues in <jats:italic>Pkd1<\/jats:italic>-deficient mouse models from a panel of five candidates genes (<jats:italic>miR-20a<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>miR-<\/jats:italic>25, <jats:italic>miR-26a<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>miR-191<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>U6<\/jats:italic>) and 3 target genes (<jats:italic>miR-17<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>miR-21<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>let-7a<\/jats:italic>) using samples from kidneys of cystic mice (<jats:italic>Pkd1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>flox\/flox<\/jats:sup>:<jats:italic>Nestin<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>cre<\/jats:sup>, CY), non-cystic controls (<jats:italic>Pkd1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>flox\/flox<\/jats:sup>, NC), <jats:italic>Pkd1<\/jats:italic>-haploinsufficient (<jats:italic>Pkd1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>, HT), wild-type controls (<jats:italic>Pkd1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup>, WT), severely cystic mice (<jats:italic>Pkd1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>V\/V<\/jats:sup>, SC), wild-type controls (CO). The stability of the candidate genes was investigated using NormFinder, GeNorm, BestKeeper, DataAssist, and RefFinder software packages and the comparative \u0394Ct method. The analyses identified <jats:italic>miR-26a<\/jats:italic> as the most stable housekeeping gene for all kidney samples, <jats:italic>miR-20a<\/jats:italic> for CY and NC, <jats:italic>miR-20a<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>miR-26a<\/jats:italic> for HT and WT, and <jats:italic>miR-<\/jats:italic>25 and <jats:italic>miR-26a<\/jats:italic> for SC and CO. Expression of <jats:italic>miR-21<\/jats:italic> was upregulated in SC compared to CO and trends of <jats:italic>miR-21<\/jats:italic> upregulation and <jats:italic>let-7a<\/jats:italic> downregulation in CY and HT compared to its control kidneys, when normalized by different combinations of <jats:italic>miR-20a<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>miR-<\/jats:italic>25 and <jats:italic>miR-26a<\/jats:italic>. Our findings established <jats:italic>miR-20a<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>miR-<\/jats:italic>25, and <jats:italic>miR-26a<\/jats:italic> as the best housekeeping genes for miRNA expression analyses by RT-qPCR in kidney tissues of <jats:italic>Pkd1<\/jats:italic>-deficient mouse models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-57112-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]],"date-time":"2020-01-14T11:03:30Z","timestamp":1578999810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Identification of housekeeping genes for microRNA expression analysis in kidney tissues of Pkd1 deficient mouse models"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1547-6357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. J.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. C.","family":"Anauate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. G.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. M.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Meca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1324-5800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. S.","family":"Ormanji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Boim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. F.","family":"Onuchic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. P.","family":"Heilberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"57112_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.109","volume":"7","author":"JJ Grantham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grantham, J. J., Mulamalla, S. & Swenson-Fields, K. I. Why kidneys fail in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Nat. reviews. Nephrology 7, 556\u2013566, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2011.109 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. reviews. Nephrology"},{"key":"57112_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.135","volume":"12","author":"JJ Grantham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grantham, J. J. & Torres, V. E. The importance of total kidney volume in evaluating progression of polycystic kidney disease. Nat. reviews. Nephrology 12, 667\u2013677, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2016.135 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. reviews. Nephrology"},{"key":"57112_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017050483","volume":"29","author":"E Cornec-Le Gall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cornec-Le Gall, E., Torres, V. E. & Harris, P. C. Genetic Complexity of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney and Liver Diseases. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 29, 13\u201323, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2017050483 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"57112_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050342","volume":"168","author":"ST Jiang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jiang, S. T. et al. Defining a link with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease in mice with congenitally low expression of Pkd1. Am. J. Pathol. 168, 205\u2013220, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050342 (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"57112_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh336","volume":"13","author":"IS Lantinga-van Leeuwen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lantinga-van Leeuwen, I. S. et al. Lowering of Pkd1 expression is sufficient to cause polycystic kidney disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 13, 3069\u20133077, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddh336 (2004).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"57112_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.686","volume":"75","author":"S Rossetti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rossetti, S. et al. Incompletely penetrant PKD1 alleles suggest a role for gene dosage in cyst initiation in polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 75, 848\u2013855, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2008.686 (2009).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"57112_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2004090758","volume":"16","author":"AD Paterson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Paterson, A. D. et al. Progressive loss of renal function is an age-dependent heritable trait in type 1 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 16, 755\u2013762, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2004090758 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"57112_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1801358","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201801358","volume":"8","author":"YC Tsai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsai, Y. C. et al. Safe Nanocomposite-Mediated Efficient Delivery of MicroRNA Plasmids for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) Therapy. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 8, e1801358, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adhm.201801358 (2019).","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"57112_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-017-0600-z","volume":"18","author":"I Kocyigit","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kocyigit, I. et al. Serum micro-rna profiles in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease according to hypertension and renal function. BMC Nephrol. 18, 179, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-017-0600-z (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"key":"57112_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201800563RR","volume":"33","author":"DY Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim, D. Y. et al. Impact of miR-192 and miR-194 on cyst enlargement through EMT in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. FASEB J. 33, 2870\u20132884, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.201800563RR (2019).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"57112_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2765","volume":"222","author":"E Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang, E. et al. Progressive renal distortion by multiple cysts in transgenic mice expressing artificial microRNAs against Pkd1. J. Pathol. 222, 238\u2013248, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.2765 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"57112_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53780","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053780","volume":"8","author":"H Dweep","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dweep, H., Sticht, C., Kharkar, A., Pandey, P. & Gretz, N. Parallel analysis of mRNA and microRNA microarray profiles to explore functional regulatory patterns in polycystic kidney disease: using PKD\/Mhm rat model. PLoS One 8, e53780, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0053780 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"57112_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-624","volume":"9","author":"P Pandey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pandey, P. et al. Microarray-based approach identifies microRNAs and their target functional patterns in polycystic kidney disease. BMC Genomics 9, 624, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2164-9-624 (2008).","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"57112_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-5-56","volume":"5","author":"P Pandey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pandey, P., Qin, S., Ho, J., Zhou, J. & Kreidberg, J. A. Systems biology approach to identify transcriptome reprogramming and candidate microRNA targets during the progression of polycystic kidney disease. BMC Syst. Biol. 5, 56, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1752-0509-5-56 (2011).","journal-title":"BMC Syst. Biol."},{"key":"57112_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2011.44.6.359","volume":"44","author":"EY Park","year":"2011","unstructured":"Park, E. Y., Woo, Y. M. & Park, J. H. Polycystic kidney disease and therapeutic approaches. BMB Rep. 44, 359\u2013368, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5483\/BMBRep.2011.44.6.359 (2011).","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"57112_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.03.002","volume":"1812","author":"YC Tan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tan, Y. C., Blumenfeld, J. & Rennert, H. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: genetics, mutations and microRNAs. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1812, 1202\u20131212, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.03.002 (2011).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"57112_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2017.06.059","volume":"627","author":"S Chatterjee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chatterjee, S., Verma, S. P. & Pandey, P. Profiling conserved biological pathways in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disorder (ADPKD) to elucidate key transcriptomic alterations regulating cystogenesis: A cross-species meta-analysis approach. Gene 627, 434\u2013450, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2017.06.059 (2017).","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"57112_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3585","DOI":"10.1172\/jci36870","volume":"118","author":"AS Chu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chu, A. S. & Friedman, J. R. A role for microRNA in cystic liver and kidney diseases. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 3585\u20133587, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci36870 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"57112_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-009-9861-3","volume":"37","author":"H Sun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sun, H. et al. MicroRNA-17 post-transcriptionally regulates polycystic kidney disease-2 gene and promotes cell proliferation. Mol. Biol. Rep. 37, 2951\u20132958, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-009-9861-3 (2010).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"57112_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2015060634","volume":"27","author":"R Lakhia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lakhia, R. et al. MicroRNA-21 Aggravates Cyst Growth in a Model of Polycystic Kidney Disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 27, 2319\u20132330, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2015060634 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"57112_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/mnh.0000000000000333","volume":"26","author":"M Yheskel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yheskel, M. & Patel, V. Therapeutic microRNAs in polycystic kidney disease. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 26, 282\u2013289, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mnh.0000000000000333 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens."},{"key":"57112_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.00520109","volume":"4","author":"M Kato","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kato, M., Arce, L. & Natarajan, R. MicroRNAs and their role in progressive kidney diseases. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 4, 1255\u20131266, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/cjn.00520109 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"57112_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86856","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086856","volume":"9","author":"IZ Ben-Dov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ben-Dov, I. Z. et al. Urine microRNA as potential biomarkers of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease progression: description of miRNA profiles at baseline. PLoS One 9, e86856, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0086856 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"57112_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10765","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1301693110","volume":"110","author":"V Patel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patel, V. et al. miR-17~92 miRNA cluster promotes kidney cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 10765\u201310770, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1301693110 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"57112_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.04.028","volume":"90","author":"BE Balbo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Balbo, B. E. et al. Cardiac dysfunction in Pkd1-deficient mice with phenotype rescue by galectin-3 knockout. Kidney Int. 90, 580\u2013597, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2016.04.028 (2016).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"57112_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2008040435","volume":"20","author":"AP Bastos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bastos, A. P. et al. Pkd1 haploinsufficiency increases renal damage and induces microcyst formation following ischemia\/reperfusion. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20, 2389\u20132402, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2008040435 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"57112_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.501","volume":"85","author":"JM Fonseca","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fonseca, J. M. et al. Renal cyst growth is the main determinant for hypertension and concentrating deficit in Pkd1-deficient mice. Kidney Int. 85, 1137\u20131150, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2013.501 (2014).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"57112_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1097\/01.asn.0000144204.01352.86","volume":"15","author":"KB Piontek","year":"2004","unstructured":"Piontek, K. B. et al. A functional floxed allele of Pkd1 that can be conditionally inactivated in vivo. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15, 3035\u20133043, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.asn.0000144204.01352.86 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"57112_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2009040421","volume":"21","author":"JM Shillingford","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shillingford, J. M., Piontek, K. B., Germino, G. G. & Weimbs, T. Rapamycin ameliorates PKD resulting from conditional inactivation of Pkd1. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 21, 489\u2013497, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2009040421 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"57112_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18688","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708217104","volume":"104","author":"S Yu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yu, S. et al. Essential role of cleavage of Polycystin-1 at G protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site for kidney tubular structure. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 18688\u201318693, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0708217104 (2007).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"57112_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2013.02.028","volume":"110","author":"J Yan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yan, J., Zhang, N., Qi, C., Liu, X. & Shangguan, D. One-step real time RT-PCR for detection of microRNAs. Talanta 110, 190\u2013195, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2013.02.028 (2013).","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"57112_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3014","volume":"11","author":"P Mestdagh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mestdagh, P. et al. Evaluation of quantitative miRNA expression platforms in the microRNA quality control (miRQC) study. Nat. Methods 11, 809\u2013815, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.3014 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"57112_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2015.239459","volume":"61","author":"H Schwarzenbach","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schwarzenbach, H., da Silva, A. M., Calin, G. & Pantel, K. Data Normalization Strategies for MicroRNA Quantification. Clin. Chem. 61, 1333\u20131342, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2015.239459 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"57112_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2010.01363.x","volume":"15","author":"JY Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li, J. Y., Yong, T. Y., Michael, M. Z. & Gleadle, J. M. Review: The role of microRNAs in kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton) 15, 599\u2013608, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2010.01363.x (2010).","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"57112_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9388","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.001723","volume":"293","author":"K Aboudehen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aboudehen, K. et al. Long noncoding RNA. J. Biol. Chem. 293, 9388\u20139398, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.RA118.001723 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"57112_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39782","volume":"7","author":"C Morata-Tarifa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morata-Tarifa, C. et al. Validation of suitable normalizers for miR expression patterns analysis covering tumour heterogeneity. Sci. Rep. 7, 39782, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep39782 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"57112_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3574","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700923R","volume":"32","author":"Y Shin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shin, Y., Kim, D. Y., Ko, J. Y., Woo, Y. M. & Park, J. H. Regulation of KLF12 by microRNA-20b and microRNA-106a in cystogenesis. FASEB J. 32, 3574\u20133582, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.201700923R (2018).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"57112_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14083-8","volume":"7","author":"YM Woo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Woo, Y. M. et al. Profiling of miRNAs and target genes related to cystogenesis in ADPKD mouse models. Sci. Rep. 7, 14151, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-14083-8 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"57112_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2012030321","volume":"23","author":"V Patel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patel, V. et al. MicroRNAs regulate renal tubule maturation through modulation of Pkd1. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 23, 1941\u20131948, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2012030321 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"57112_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-7-research0034","volume":"3","author":"J Vandesompele","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vandesompele, J. et al. Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol. 3, RESEARCH0034, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/gb-2002-3-7-research0034 (2002).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"57112_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38566-y","volume":"9","author":"M Yheskel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yheskel, M., Lakhia, R., Cobo-Stark, P., Flaten, A. & Patel, V. Anti-microRNA screen uncovers miR-17 family within miR-17~92 cluster as the primary driver of kidney cyst growth. Sci. Rep. 9, 1920, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-38566-y (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"57112_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03677","volume":"435","author":"KA O\u2019Donnell","year":"2005","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell, K. A., Wentzel, E. A., Zeller, K. I., Dang, C. V. & Mendell, J. T. c-Myc-regulated microRNAs modulate E2F1 expression. Nature 435, 839\u2013843, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature03677 (2005).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"57112_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6911","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26473","volume":"233","author":"L de Stephanis","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Stephanis, L. et al. MicroRNA501-5p induces p53 proteasome degradation through the activation of the mTOR\/MDM2 pathway in ADPKD cells. J. Cell Physiol. 233, 6911\u20136924, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.26473 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"57112_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4680","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx349","volume":"26","author":"L Duplomb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duplomb, L. et al. A constitutive BCL2 down-regulation aggravates the phenotype of PKD1-mutant-induced polycystic kidney disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 26, 4680\u20134688, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddx349 (2017).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"57112_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6029","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-05-0137","volume":"65","author":"JA Chan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chan, J. A., Krichevsky, A. M. & Kosik, K. S. MicroRNA-21 is an antiapoptotic factor in human glioblastoma cells. Cancer Res. 65, 6029\u20136033, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.can-05-0137 (2005).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"57112_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13944","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506654102","volume":"102","author":"A Cimmino","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cimmino, A. et al. miR-15 and miR-16 induce apoptosis by targeting BCL2. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 13944\u201313949, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0506654102 (2005).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"57112_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14395","volume":"8","author":"S Hajarnis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hajarnis, S. et al. microRNA-17 family promotes polycystic kidney disease progression through modulation of mitochondrial metabolism. Nat. Commun. 8, 14395, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms14395 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"57112_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-010-0380-z","volume":"32","author":"SU Meyer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Meyer, S. U., Pfaffl, M. W. & Ulbrich, S. E. Normalization strategies for microRNA profiling experiments: a \u2018normal\u2019 way to a hidden layer of complexity? Biotechnol. Lett. 32, 1777\u20131788, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10529-010-0380-z (2010).","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"57112_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","volume":"55","author":"SA Bustin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bustin, S. A. et al. The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments. Clin. Chem. 55, 611\u2013622, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"57112_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.939908","volume":"14","author":"HJ Peltier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peltier, H. J. & Latham, G. J. Normalization of microRNA expression levels in quantitative RT-PCR assays: identification of suitable reference RNA targets in normal and cancerous human solid tissues. RNA 14, 844\u2013852, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1261\/rna.939908 (2008).","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"57112_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.3858\/emm.2011.43.6.039","volume":"43","author":"Y Shen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shen, Y. et al. Identification of miR-23a as a novel microRNA normalizer for relative quantification in human uterine cervical tissues. Exp. & Mol. Med. 43, 358\u2013366, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3858\/emm.2011.43.6.039 (2011).","journal-title":"Exp. & Mol. Med."},{"key":"57112_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893594","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/893594","volume":"2015","author":"Y Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Identification of endogenous controls for analyzing serum exosomal miRNA in patients with hepatitis B or hepatocellular carcinoma. Dis. markers 2015, 893594, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/893594 (2015).","journal-title":"Dis. markers"},{"key":"57112_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-018-9973-y","volume":"14","author":"C Tu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tu, C. et al. Evaluating the potential of housekeeping genes, rRNAs, snRNAs, microRNAs and circRNAs as reference genes for the estimation of PMI. Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. 14, 194\u2013201, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-018-9973-y (2018).","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol."},{"key":"57112_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6606076","volume":"104","author":"HE Gee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gee, H. E. et al. The small-nucleolar RNAs commonly used for microRNA normalisation correlate with tumour pathology and prognosis. Br. J. Cancer 104, 1168\u20131177, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjc.6606076 (2011).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"57112_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e107012","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107012","volume":"9","author":"J Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. Altered serum microRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers for atypical coronary artery disease. PLoS One 9, e107012, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0107012 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"57112_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2011.06.009","volume":"417","author":"Z Wotschofsky","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wotschofsky, Z. et al. Reference genes for the relative quantification of microRNAs in renal cell carcinomas and their metastases. Anal. Biochem. 417, 233\u2013241, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ab.2011.06.009 (2011).","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"57112_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35596","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035596","volume":"7","author":"D de Biase","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Biase, D. et al. miRNAs expression analysis in paired fresh\/frozen and dissected formalin fixed and paraffin embedded glioblastoma using real-time pCR. PLoS One 7, e35596, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0035596 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"57112_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.14670\/hh-26.797","volume":"26","author":"R Klopfleisch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klopfleisch, R., Weiss, A. T. & Gruber, A. D. Excavation of a buried treasure\u2013DNA, mRNA, miRNA and protein analysis in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues. Histol. Histopathol. 26, 797\u2013810, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14670\/hh-26.797 (2011).","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"57112_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2017030334","volume":"29","author":"S Hajarnis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hajarnis, S. et al. Suppression of microRNA Activity in Kidney Collecting Ducts Induces Partial Loss of Epithelial Phenotype and Renal Fibrosis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 29, 518\u2013531, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2017030334 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"57112_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5245","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-04-0496","volume":"64","author":"CL Andersen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andersen, C. L., Jensen, J. L. & \u00d8rntoft, T. F. Normalization of real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR data: a model-based variance estimation approach to identify genes suited for normalization, applied to bladder and colon cancer data sets. Cancer Res. 64, 5245\u20135250, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.can-04-0496 (2004).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"57112_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BILE.0000019559.84305.47","volume":"26","author":"MW Pfaffl","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pfaffl, M. W., Tichopad, A., Prgomet, C. & Neuvians, T. P. Determination of stable housekeeping genes, differentially regulated target genes and sample integrity: BestKeeper\u2013Excel-based tool using pair-wise correlations. Biotechnol. Lett. 26, 509\u2013515 (2004).","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"57112_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-7-33","volume":"7","author":"N Silver","year":"2006","unstructured":"Silver, N., Best, S., Jiang, J. & Thein, S. L. Selection of housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in human reticulocytes using real-time PCR. BMC Mol. Biol. 7, 33, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2199-7-33 (2006).","journal-title":"BMC Mol. Biol."},{"key":"57112_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-012-9885-2","author":"F Xie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xie, F., Xiao, P., Chen, D., Xu, L. & Zhang, B. miRDeepFinder: a miRNA analysis tool for deep sequencing of plant small RNAs. Plant. Mol. Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11103-012-9885-2 (2012).","journal-title":"Plant. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"57112_CR64","first-page":"69","volume":"24","author":"MM Mukaka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mukaka, M. M. Statistics corner: A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research. Malawi Med. J. 24, 69\u201371 (2012).","journal-title":"Malawi Med. J."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-57112-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-57112-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-57112-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T05:16:43Z","timestamp":1670303803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-57112-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["57112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-57112-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 August 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 December 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 January 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"231"}}