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The assay is based on a time-gated luminescence microscopy technique enabling visualization and enumeration of individual germinating endospores. Germinating endospores release calcium dipicolinate to form highly luminescent terbium dipicolinate complexes surrounding each germinating endospore. EGA and heterotrophic plate counting (HPC) were used to evaluate the swab\/rinse recovery efficiency of endospores from stainless steel surfaces. EGA and HPC results were highly correlated for endospore recovery from stainless steel coupons inoculated with range of 1,000 endospores per coupon down to sterility. Dosage-dependent decrease of surface endospore germinability were observed in dry heat, UV irradiation, oxygen plasma and vaporized hydrogen peroxide treatments, measured with EGA and HPC. EGA is a fast and complementary method to traditional HPC for quantitative sterility assurance testing of surfaces. This work introduces and validates a 15-minute or faster assay for germinable endospores to complement the conventional lengthy, culture-based surface sterility validation, which is critical in hospitals, food and pharmaceutical industries to help minimize nosocomial infection, food spoilage, and pharmaceutical contamination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-57175-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T11:03:28Z","timestamp":1579172608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Quantitative and Fast Sterility Assurance Testing of Surfaces by Enumeration of Germinable Endospores"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Pun To","family":"Yung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"57175_CR1","unstructured":"Cowell, F. 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M.) 391\u2013450 (John Wiley and Sons, 1990)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-57175-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-57175-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-57175-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T05:48:00Z","timestamp":1695620880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-57175-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["57175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-57175-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 May 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"P.T.Y. and E.D.L. declare no competing interests. A.P. declares, in accordance his ethical obligation as a researcher, that he has a financial and business interests in a company that may be affected by the research reported in the enclosed paper. This research was sponsored by NASA and the Department of Homeland Security, and may lead to the development of products, the intellectual property of which are licensed to Verrix, LLC, in which A.P. has a business and financial interest. The research and draft manuscript was completed at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory before the founding of Verrix, LLC, but the manuscript was not finalized and submitted until after Verrix, LLC was founded. This separation in time between when the research was performed, and the founding of Verrix, LLC, and the fact that the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Ethics Office documented the project ending prior to the foundation of Verrix mitigate even the perception of competing interests for this work.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"431"}}