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The technique\u00b4s applicability in replicating nasal cavity anatomy for clinical use has not been studied. Our aim was to determine whether 3D printing could realistically replicate the nasal cavities and the airflow passing through them from a clinical point of view. We included Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of five patients with symptoms of chronic nasal congestion. These CBCT scans were used to print plastic 3D prints of the nasal cavities, which were also CBCT scanned and the measurements were compared. The results <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> were higher than the results <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> in maxillary sinus volumes with a ratio of 1.05\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01 (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD) and in the nasal cavities with a ratio of 1.20\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1 (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD). Linear measurements <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> were very close to those <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Rhinomanometric results showed some differences, but rhinomanometric graphs <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> were close to the graphs <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. 3D printing proved to be a suitable and fast method for replicating nasal cavity structures and for the experimental testing of nasal function. It can be used as a complementary examination tool for rhinomanometry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57537-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T11:03:28Z","timestamp":1579172608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Three-Dimensional Printing of the Nasal Cavities for Clinical Experiments"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9423-0269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olli","family":"Valtonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Ormiskangas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilkka","family":"Kivek\u00e4s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Rantanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Poe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorma","family":"J\u00e4rnstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Lekkala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pentti","family":"Saarenrinne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5905-0059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Rautiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"57537_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-010-0476-x","volume":"5","author":"F Rengier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rengier, F. et al. 3D printing based on imaging data: review of medical applications. 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