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Nicotianamine (NA) is a natural chelator of Fe, zinc (Zn) and other metals in higher plants and NA-chelated Fe is highly bioavailable <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. In graminaceous plants NA serves as the biosynthetic precursor to 2\u2032 -deoxymugineic acid (DMA), a related Fe chelator and enhancer of Fe bioavailability, and increased NA\/DMA biosynthesis has proved an effective Fe biofortification strategy in several cereal crops. Here we utilized the chicken (<jats:italic>Gallus gallus<\/jats:italic>) model to investigate impacts of NA-chelated Fe on Fe status and gastrointestinal health when delivered to chickens through intraamniotic administration (short-term exposure) or over a period of six weeks as part of a biofortified wheat diet containing increased NA, Fe, Zn and DMA (long-term exposure). Striking similarities in host Fe status, intestinal functionality and gut microbiome were observed between the short-term and long-term treatments, suggesting that the effects were largely if not entirely due to consumption of NA-chelated Fe. These results provide strong support for wheat with increased NA-chelated Fe as an effective biofortification strategy and uncover novel impacts of NA-chelated Fe on gastrointestinal health and functionality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57598-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T11:02:57Z","timestamp":1581332577000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Nicotianamine-chelated iron positively affects iron status, intestinal morphology and microbial populations in vivo (Gallus gallus)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7116-3622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse T.","family":"Beasley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander A. 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