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In this retrospective cross-sectional analysis, neurocognitive testing and 3\u2009T brain MRI\u2019s were obtained in 101 survivors treated with cranial radiation. Small focal intracerebral hemorrhages only visible on exquisitely sensitive MRI sequences were identified and localized using susceptibility weighted imaging. Modified Poisson regression was used to assess the effect of cranial radiation on cumulative number and location of microbleeds in each brain region, and multiple linear regression was used to evaluate microbleeds on neurocognitive outcomes, adjusting for age at diagnosis and sex. At least one microbleed was present in 85% of survivors, occurring more frequently in frontal lobes. Radiation dose of 24\u2009Gy conveyed a 5-fold greater risk (95% CI 2.57\u201310.32) of having multiple microbleeds compared to a dose of 18\u2009Gy. No significant difference was found in neurocognitive scores with either the absence or presence of microbleeds or their location. Greater prevalence of microbleeds in our study compared to prior reports is likely related to longer time since treatment, better sensitivity of SWI for detection of microbleeds and the use of a 3\u2009T MRI platform.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57682-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T11:03:40Z","timestamp":1579518220000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cerebral microbleeds in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with cranial radiation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2021-4036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas S.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia M.","family":"Hillenbrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1586-4085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan G.","family":"Mitrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenghong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Scoggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Merchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory T.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deokumar","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0303-5658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Hon","family":"Pui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie L.","family":"Robison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa M.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin R.","family":"Krull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noah D.","family":"Sabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"57682_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.1991.9.8.1348","volume":"9","author":"RK Mulhern","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mulhern, R. 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