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However, studies are typically cross-sectional, comparing groups of concussed and uninjured athletes. It is important to determine whether these findings are consistent with longitudinal change at the individual level, relative to their own pre-injury baseline. A cohort of N\u2009=\u2009123 university-level athletes were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Of this group, N\u2009=\u200912 acquired a concussion and were re-scanned at early symptomatic injury and at RTP. A sub-group of N\u2009=\u200944 uninjured athletes were also re-imaged, providing a normative reference group. Among concussed athletes, abnormalities were identified for white matter fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity, along with grey matter cerebral blood flow, using both cross-sectional (CS) and longitudinal (LNG) approaches. The spatial patterns of abnormality for CS and LNG were distinct, with median fractional overlap below 0.10 and significant differences in the percentage of abnormal voxels. However, the analysis methods did not differ in the amount of change from symptomatic injury to RTP and in the direction of observed abnormalities. These results highlight the impact of using pre-injury baseline data when evaluating concussion-related brain abnormalities at the individual level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58073-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T11:04:13Z","timestamp":1580727853000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Baseline vs. cross-sectional MRI of concussion: distinct brain patterns in white matter and cerebral blood flow"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nathan W.","family":"Churchill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Hutchison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon J.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom A.","family":"Schweizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"58073_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200609000-00001","volume":"21","author":"JA Langlois","year":"2006","unstructured":"Langlois, J. 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