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A previous initiative identified three recurrent cases of leprosy for which none of the <jats:italic>M. leprae<\/jats:italic> strains, as obtained in the first and the second diagnosis, had any known genomic variants associated to resistance to Multidrug therapy; in addition, whole genome sequencing indicated that the same <jats:italic>M. leprae<\/jats:italic> was causing two out of the three recurrences. Thus, these individuals were suspected of being particularly susceptible to <jats:italic>M. leprae<\/jats:italic> infection, either as relapse or reinfection. To verify this hypothesis, 19 genetic markers distributed across 11 <jats:italic>loci<\/jats:italic> (14 genes) classically associated with leprosy were genotyped in the recurrent and in three matching non-recurrent leprosy cases. An enrichment of risk alleles was observed in the recurrent cases, suggesting the existence of a particularly high susceptibility genetic profile among leprosy patients predisposing to disease recurrence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58079-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T11:03:18Z","timestamp":1580209398000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Human Genetic Susceptibility of Leprosy Recurrence"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Priscila Verchai","family":"Uaska Sartori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerson O.","family":"Penna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"B\u00fchrer-S\u00e9kula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria A. 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