{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T11:36:38Z","timestamp":1761824198066,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]],"date-time":"2020-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580428800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]],"date-time":"2020-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A2B3008483","2018R1A2B3008483","2018R1A2B3008483","2018R1A2B3008483","2018R1A2B3008483","2018R1A2B3008483","2018R1A2B3008483","2018R1A2B3008483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A2B3008483","2018R1A2B3008483","2018R1A2B3008483","2018R1A2B3008483","2018R1A2B3008483","2018R1A2B3008483","2018R1A2B3008483","2018R1A2B3008483"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI18C0421","HI18C0421","HI18C0421","HI18C0421","HI18C0421","HI18C0421","HI18C0421","HI18C0421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI18C0421","HI18C0421","HI18C0421","HI18C0421","HI18C0421","HI18C0421","HI18C0421","HI18C0421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by loss of motor neurons and degeneration of neuromuscular junctions. To improve disease progression, previous studies have suggested many options that have shown beneficial effects in diseases, especially stem cell therapy. In this study, we used repeated intramuscular transplantation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) and observed positive effects on muscle atrophy and oxidative stress. In an <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> study, motor function, body weight and survival rate were assessed, and skeletal muscle tissues were analyzed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. After intramuscular transplantation, the hUCB-MSCs survived within the skeletal muscle for at least 1 week. Transplantation ameliorated muscle atrophy and the rate of neuromuscular degeneration in skeletal muscle through reductions in intracellular ROS levels. Both\u00a0expression of skeletal muscle atrophy markers, muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx)\/atrogin1 and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1), were also reduced; however, the reductions were not significant. Moreover, transplantation of hUCB-MSCs improved protein synthesis and inhibited the iNOS\/NO signaling pathway through AMPK activation. Our results suggest that repeated intramuscular transplantation of hUCB-MSCs can be a practical option for stem cell therapy for ALS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58221-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]],"date-time":"2020-01-31T11:02:58Z","timestamp":1580468578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Repeated intramuscular transplantations of hUCB-MSCs improves motor function and survival in the SOD1 G93A mice through activation of AMPK"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Myung Geun","family":"Kook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SeungEun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nari","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dasom","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Da-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun Kyoung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8642-6093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soon Won","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Sun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"58221_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8091-6","volume":"263","author":"N Riva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Riva, N., Agosta, F., Lunetta, C., Filippi, M. & Quattrini, A. Recent advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neurol. 263, 1241\u20131254, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-016-8091-6 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"58221_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1628","volume":"32","author":"JS Lunn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lunn, J. S., Sakowski, S. A. & Feldman, E. L. Concise review: Stem cell therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: recent advances and prospects for the future. Stem Cell 32, 1099\u20131109, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/stem.1628 (2014).","journal-title":"Stem Cell"},{"key":"58221_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40553-2","volume":"9","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, J., Fry, C. M. E. & Walker, C. L. Carboxyl-terminal modulator protein regulates Akt signaling during skeletal muscle atrophy in vitro and a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci. Rep. 9, 3920, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-40553-2 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"58221_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.09.008","volume":"138","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xiao, Y. et al. ROS-related mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle of an ALS mouse model during the disease progression. Pharmacol. Res. 138, 25\u201336, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.09.008 (2018).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"58221_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1812","volume":"32","author":"S Forostyak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Forostyak, S. et al. Intrathecal delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells protects the structure of altered perineuronal nets in SOD1 rats and amends the course of ALS. Stem Cell 32, 3163\u20133172, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/stem.1812 (2014).","journal-title":"Stem Cell"},{"key":"58221_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-013-0253-y","volume":"11","author":"R Mancuso","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mancuso, R. et al. Resveratrol improves motoneuron function and extends survival in SOD1(G93A) ALS mice. Neurotherapeutics 11, 419\u2013432, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-013-0253-y (2014).","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"58221_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25302","volume":"84","author":"KW Oh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oh, K. W. et al. Repeated Intrathecal Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 84, 361\u2013373, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25302 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"58221_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peters, S. et al. The TgF-beta system as a Potential Pathogenic Player in Disease Modulation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Neurol, 8, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2017.00669 (2017).","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00669"},{"key":"58221_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gonzalez, D. et al. ALS skeletal muscle shows enhanced TGF-beta signaling, fibrosis and induction of fibro\/adipogenic progenitor markers. Plos One, 12, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0177649 (2017).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177649"},{"key":"58221_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Si, Y. et al. Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-beta) Is a Muscle Biomarker of Disease Progression in ALS and Correlates with Smad Expression. Plos One, 10, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0138425 (2015).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138425"},{"key":"58221_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2016.01.010","volume":"28","author":"J Abrigo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abrigo, J., Rivera, J. C., Simon, F., Cabrera, D. & Cabello-Verrugio, C. Transforming growth factor type beta (TGF-beta) requires reactive oxygen species to induce skeletal muscle atrophy. Cell Signal. 28, 366\u2013376, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellsig.2016.01.010 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"key":"58221_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6554-10.2012","volume":"32","author":"MA Lim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lim, M. A. et al. Reduced activity of AMP-activated protein kinase protects against genetic models of motor neuron disease. J. Neurosci. 32, 1123\u20131141, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6554-10.2012 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"58221_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Perera, N. D. et al. Mutant TDP-43 Deregulates AMPK Activation by PP2A in ALS Models. Plos One, 9, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0090449 (2014).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090449"},{"key":"58221_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2014.12.029","volume":"589","author":"YJ Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, Y. J., Lee, L. M., Lai, H. L. & Chern, Y. Aberrant activation of AMP-activated protein kinase contributes to the abnormal distribution of HuR in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. FEBS Lett. 589, 432\u2013439, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.febslet.2014.12.029 (2015).","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"58221_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu497","volume":"24","author":"YJ Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, Y. J. et al. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha1 mediates mislocalization of TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum. Mol. Genet. 24, 787\u2013801, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddu497 (2015).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"58221_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kaneb, H. M., Sharp, P. S., Rahmani-Kondori, N. & Wells, D. J. Metformin Treatment Has No Beneficial Effect in a Dose-Response Survival Study in the SOD1(G93A) Mouse Model of ALS and Is Harmful in Female Mice. Plos One, 6, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0024189 (2011).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024189"},{"key":"58221_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.09.022","volume":"36","author":"KS Coughlan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coughlan, K. S., Mitchem, M. R., Hogg, M. C. & Prehn, J. H. M. \u201cPreconditioning\u201d with latrepirdine, an adenosine 5 \u2018-monophosphate-activated protein kinase activator, delays amyotrophic lateral sclerosis progression in SOD1(G93A) mice. Neurobiol. Aging 36, 1140\u20131150, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.09.022 (2015).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"58221_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3772","volume":"17","author":"MA Samuel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Samuel, M. A. et al. LKB1 and AMPK regulate synaptic remodeling in old age. Nat. Neurosci. 17, 1190\u20131197, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.3772 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"58221_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2018.02.010","volume":"29","author":"AG Dial","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dial, A. G., Ng, S. Y., Manta, A. & Ljubicic, V. The Role of AMPK in Neuromuscular Biology and Disease. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 29, 300\u2013312, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2018.02.010 (2018).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"58221_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3675627","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3675627","volume":"2019","author":"A Gugliandolo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gugliandolo, A., Bramanti, P. & Mazzon, E. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? Stem Cell Int. 2019, 3675627, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/3675627 (2019).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Int."},{"key":"58221_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rehorova, M. et al. A Combination of Intrathecal and Intramuscular Application of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partly Reduces the Activation of Necroptosis in the Spinal Cord of SOD1(G93A) Rats. Stem Cells Transl Med, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sctm.18-0223 (2019).","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.18-0223"},{"key":"58221_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.4321","volume":"73","author":"P Petrou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Petrou, P. et al. Safety and Clinical Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secreting Neurotrophic Factor Transplantation in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Results of Phase 1\/2 and 2a Clinical Trials. JAMA Neurol. 73, 337\u2013344, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.4321 (2016).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"58221_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3727\/096368916X693716","volume":"26","author":"E Sykova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sykova, E. et al. Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Results of Phase I\/IIa Clinical Trial. Cell Transpl. 26, 647\u2013658, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3727\/096368916X693716 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell Transpl."},{"key":"58221_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1159\/000452522","volume":"40","author":"J Abrigo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abrigo, J., Simon, F., Cabrera, D. & Cabello-Verrugio, C. Angiotensin-(1-7) Prevents Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Induced by Transforming Growth Factor Type Beta (TGF-beta) via Mas Receptor Activation. Cell Physiol. Biochem. 40, 27\u201338, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000452522 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"58221_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-015-9948-1","volume":"52","author":"CM Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park, C. M. et al. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media prevent muscle atrophy by suppressing muscle atrophy-related proteins and ROS generation. Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Anim. 52, 68\u201376, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11626-015-9948-1 (2016).","journal-title":"Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Anim."},{"key":"58221_CR26","first-page":"230","volume":"12","author":"S Sriramulu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sriramulu, S. et al. Concise Review on Clinical Applications of Conditioned Medium Derived from Human Umbilical Cord-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UC-MSCs). Int. J. Hematol. Oncol. Stem Cell Res. 12, 230\u2013234 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol. Oncol. Stem Cell Res."},{"key":"58221_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27034","volume":"234","author":"DH Bak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bak, D. H. et al. Antioxidant effect of human placenta hydrolysate against oxidative stress on muscle atrophy. J. Cell Physiol. 234, 1643\u20131658, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.27034 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"58221_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063179","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2063179","volume":"2018","author":"J Abrigo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abrigo, J. et al. Role of Oxidative Stress as Key Regulator of Muscle Wasting during Cachexia. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev. 2018, 2063179, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/2063179 (2018).","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"58221_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00131","volume":"8","author":"E Pollari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pollari, E., Goldsteins, G., Bart, G., Koistinaho, J. & Giniatullin, R. The role of oxidative stress in degeneration of the neuromuscular junction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front. Cell Neurosci. 8, 131, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2014.00131 (2014).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"58221_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2009.10.006","volume":"260","author":"TE Ichim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ichim, T. E. et al. Mesenchymal stem cells as anti-inflammatories: implications for treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cell Immunol. 260, 75\u201382, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellimm.2009.10.006 (2010).","journal-title":"Cell Immunol."},{"key":"58221_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2008.197","volume":"16","author":"M Suzuki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suzuki, M. et al. Direct muscle delivery of GDNF with human mesenchymal stem cells improves motor neuron survival and function in a rat model of familial ALS. Mol. Ther. 16, 2002\u20132010, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2008.197 (2008).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"58221_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hall, D. T. et al. The AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), but not metformin, prevents inflammation-associated cachectic muscle wasting. Embo Molecular Medicine, 10, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/emmm.201708307 (2018).","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201708307"},{"key":"58221_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201607052","volume":"9","author":"JF Ma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ma, J. F. et al. STAT3 promotes IFNgamma\/TNFalpha-induced muscle wasting in an NF-kappaB-dependent and IL-6-independent manner. EMBO Mol. Med. 9, 622\u2013637, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/emmm.201607052 (2017).","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"58221_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cramer, Z. et al. eIF4A inhibition prevents the onset of cytokine-induced muscle wasting by blocking the STAT3 and iNOS pathways. Scientific Reports, 8, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-26625-9 (2018).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26625-9"},{"key":"58221_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c100054","volume":"1","author":"SK Powers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Powers, S. K., Ji, L. L., Kavazis, A. N. & Jackson, M. J. Reactive oxygen species: impact on skeletal muscle. Compr. Physiol. 1, 941\u2013969, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c100054 (2011).","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"58221_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.03.034","volume":"24","author":"M Schieber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schieber, M. & Chandel, N. S. ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress. Curr. Biol. 24, R453\u2013462, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2014.03.034 (2014).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"58221_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/35041687","volume":"408","author":"T Finkel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Finkel, T. & Holbrook, N. J. Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. Nat. 408, 239\u2013247, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35041687 (2000).","journal-title":"Nat."},{"key":"58221_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8966(97)00096-5","volume":"7","author":"RJ Ragusa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ragusa, R. J., Chow, C. K. & Porter, J. D. Oxidative stress as a potential pathogenic mechanism in an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul. Disord. 7, 379\u2013386, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0960-8966(97)00096-5 (1997).","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"58221_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2017.18.4.487","volume":"18","author":"MG Kook","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kook, M. G. et al. KCHO-1, a novel herbal anti-inflammatory compound, attenuates oxidative stress in an animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Vet. Sci. 18, 487\u2013497, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4142\/jvs.2017.18.4.487 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"58221_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.3727\/096368910X545086","volume":"20","author":"Y Seo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seo, Y. et al. Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells protect against neuronal cell death and ameliorate motor deficits in Niemann Pick type C1 mice. Cell Transpl. 20, 1033\u20131047, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3727\/096368910X545086 (2011).","journal-title":"Cell Transpl."},{"key":"58221_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.442","volume":"7","author":"TH Shin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shin, T. H. et al. Human umbilical cord blood-stem cells direct macrophage polarization and block inflammasome activation to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Death Dis. 7, e2524, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cddis.2016.442 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-58221-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-58221-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-58221-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T06:35:38Z","timestamp":1670308538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-58221-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["58221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-58221-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2045-2322"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1572"}}