{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T07:09:41Z","timestamp":1770534581867,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580947200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Candida tropicalis<\/jats:italic>arises as one of the predominant non-<jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\u00a0(NCAC) species causing invasive candidiasis in Asian countries. A rise in reports of<jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>with a parallel increase in fluconazole resistance has also been observed. The genes and underlying pathways associated with azole antifungal resistance in<jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>is still not properly understood. The RT-qPCR is the most promising approach for expression analysis of target genes to understand the mechanisms of resistance. The reliability and reproducibility of this technique depend on the selection of suitable reference genes for the normalization in expression study. The present study investigated the expression stability levels of ten genes including<jats:italic>ACT1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>EF1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>GAPDH<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>PGK1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>RDN5.8<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>RDN18<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>RDN28<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>SDHA<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>TUB1<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>UBC13<\/jats:italic>for their suitability in fluconazole treated\/untreated<jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>. The stability levels of these genes were examined by the \u2206\u2206CT, \u0394CT, Pfaffl methods and five independent software including hkgFinder, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder software. We report, the<jats:italic>EF1<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>ACT1<\/jats:italic>were the most stable reference genes for normalization and can be used for the gene expression analysis in<jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to select and validate the reference genes in<jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>for RT-qPCR based expression analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58744-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T11:04:48Z","timestamp":1580987088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Selection and evaluation of appropriate reference genes for RT-qPCR based expression analysis in Candida tropicalis following azole treatment"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Saikat","family":"Paul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shreya","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arunaloke","family":"Chakrabarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shivaprakash M.","family":"Rudramurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anup K","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"58744_CR1","first-page":"137","volume":"20","author":"S Basu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Basu, S., Gugnani, H. C., Joshi, S. & Gupta, N. Distribution of Candida species in different clinical sources in Delhi, India, and proteinase and phospholipase activity of Candida albicans isolates. Rev. Iberoam. Micol. 20, 137\u201340 (2003).","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Micol."},{"key":"58744_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2007.280","volume":"60","author":"S Oksuz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oksuz, S. et al. Phospholipase and proteinase activities in different Candida species isolated from anatomically distinct sites of healthy adults. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 60, 280\u2013283 (2007).","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"58744_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-009-9246-0","volume":"169","author":"M Negri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Negri, M. & Martins, M. Examination of Potential Virulence Factors of Candida tropicalis Clinical Isolates From Hospitalized Patients. Mycopathologia 169, 175\u2013182 (2010).","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"58744_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3603-2","volume":"41","author":"A Chakrabarti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chakrabarti, A. et al. Incidence, characteristics and outcome of ICU-acquired candidemia in India. Intensive Care Med. 41, 285\u2013295 (2014).","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"58744_CR5","volume":"6","author":"PF Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu, P. F. et al. Epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates of non-albicans Candida species from cancer patients. Emerg. Microbes Infect. 6, e87 (2017).","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"58744_CR6","first-page":"464","volume":"8","author":"X Fan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fan, X. et al. Notable Increasing Trend in Azole Non-susceptible Candida tropicalis Causing Invasive Candidiasis in China (August 2009 to July 2014): Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Azole Consumption. Front. Microbiol. 8, 464 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"58744_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.11.007","volume":"25","author":"X Fan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fan, X. et al. Molecular mechanisms of azole resistance in Candida tropicalis isolates causing invasive candidiasis in China. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 25, 885\u2013891 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"58744_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks481","volume":"68","author":"C Jiang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jiang, C. et al. Mechanisms of azole resistance in 52 clinical isolates of Candida tropicalis in China. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 68, 778\u2013785 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"58744_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3653","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02652-15","volume":"60","author":"MJ Choi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi, M. J. et al. Resistance Mechanisms and Clinical Features of Fluconazole-Nonsusceptible Candida tropicalis Isolates Compared with Fluconazole-Less-Susceptible Isolates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 60, 3653\u20133661 (2016).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"58744_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19680-9","volume":"8","author":"A Ciesielska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ciesielska, A. & St\u0105czek, P. Selection and validation of reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis of gene expression in Microsporum canis growing under different adhesion-inducing conditions. Sci. Rep. 8, 1197 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"58744_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2144\/000112776","volume":"44","author":"HD VanGuilder","year":"2008","unstructured":"VanGuilder, H. D., Vrana, K. E. & Freeman, W. M. Twenty-five years of quantitative PCR for gene expression analysis. Biotechniques 44, 619\u2013626 (2008).","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"58744_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0250169","volume":"25","author":"S Bustin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bustin, S. Absolute quantification of mRNA using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 25, 169\u2013193 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"58744_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1261","volume":"25","author":"A Giulietti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Giulietti, A. et al. An overview of real-time quantitative PCR: Applications to quantify cytokine gene expression. Methods 25, 386\u2013401 (2001).","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"58744_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.1.01755","volume":"34","author":"SA Bustin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bustin, S. A., Benes, V., Nolan, T. & Pfaffl, M. W. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR - A perspective. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 34, 597\u2013601 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"58744_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2005.12.007","volume":"27","author":"M Kubista","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kubista, M. et al. The real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mol. Aspects Med. 27, 95\u2013125 (2006).","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"58744_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2144\/05391RV01","volume":"39","author":"ML Wong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wong, M. L. & Medrano, J. F. Real-time PCR for mRNA quantitation. Biotechniques 39, 75\u201385 (2005).","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"58744_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-13-22","volume":"13","author":"Q Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li, Q., Skinner, J. & Bennett, J. E. Evaluation of reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR studies in Candida glabrata following azole treatment. BMC Mol. Biol. 13, 22 (2012).","journal-title":"BMC Mol. Biol."},{"key":"58744_CR18","first-page":"54","volume":"25","author":"RC Edmunds","year":"2014","unstructured":"Edmunds, R. C., McIntyre, J. K., Luckenbach, J. A., Baldwin, D. H. & Incardona, J. P. Toward Enhanced MIQE Compliance: Reference Residual Normalization of qPCR Gene Expression Data. J. Biomol. Tech. 25, 54\u201360 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Tech."},{"key":"58744_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.11.177","volume":"313","author":"A Radoni\u0107","year":"2004","unstructured":"Radoni\u0107, A. et al. Guideline to reference gene selection for quantitative real-time PCR. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 313, 856\u2013862 (2004).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"58744_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"R Ma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ma, R., Xu, S., Zhao, Y., Xia, B. & Wang, R. Selection and Validation of Appropriate Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis of Gene Expression in Lycoris aurea. Front. Plant Sci. 7, 1\u201315 (2016).","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"58744_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-7-research0034","volume":"3","author":"J Vandesompele","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vandesompele, J. et al. Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol. 3, RESEARCH0034 (2002).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"58744_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-022X(00)00129-9","volume":"46","author":"TD Schmittgen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schmittgen, T. D. & Zakrajsek, B. A. Effect of experimental treatment on housekeeping gene expression: validation by real-time, quantitative RT-PCR. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 46, 69\u201381 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods"},{"key":"58744_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1656(99)00163-7","volume":"75","author":"O Thellin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Thellin, O. et al. Housekeeping genes as internal standards: use and limits. J. Biotechnol. 75, 291\u2013295 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"58744_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1006\/mcpr.2001.0376","volume":"15","author":"S Selvey","year":"2001","unstructured":"Selvey, S. et al. \u03b2-Actin\u2014an unsuitable internal control for RT-PCR. Mol. Cell. Probes 15, 307\u2013311 (2001).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Probes"},{"key":"58744_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.9.765","volume":"57","author":"EM Glare","year":"2002","unstructured":"Glare, E. M., Divjak, M., Bailey, M. J. & Walters, E. H. \u03b2-actin and GAPDH housekeeping gene expression in asthmatic airways is variable and not suitable for normalising mRNA levels. Thorax 57, 765\u2013770 (2002).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"58744_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0815","volume":"259","author":"H Zhong","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zhong, H. & Simons, J. W. Direct Comparison of GAPDH, \u03b2-Actin, Cyclophilin, and 28S rRNA as Internal Standards for Quantifying RNA Levels under Hypoxia. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 259, 523\u2013526 (1999).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"58744_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","volume":"3","author":"TD Schmittgen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schmittgen, T. D. & Livak, K. J. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method. Nat. Protoc. 3, 1101\u20138 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"58744_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-7-33","volume":"7","author":"N Silver","year":"2006","unstructured":"Silver, N., Best, S., Jiang, J. & Thein, S. L. Selection of housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in human reticulocytes using real-time PCR. BMC Mol. Biol. 7, 33 (2006).","journal-title":"BMC Mol. Biol."},{"key":"58744_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","volume":"29","author":"MW Pfaffl","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pfaffl, M. W. A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 29, e45 (2001).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"58744_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5245","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-0496","volume":"64","author":"CL Andersen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andersen, C. L., Jensen, J. L. & \u00d8rntoft, T. F. Normalization of Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Data: A Model-Based Variance Estimation Approach to Identify Genes Suited for Normalization, Applied to Bladder and Colon Cancer Data Sets. Cancer Res. 64, 5245\u20135250 (2004).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"58744_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BILE.0000019559.84305.47","volume":"26","author":"MW Pfaffl","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pfaffl, M. W., Tichopad, A., Prgomet, C. & Neuvians, T. P. Determination of stable housekeeping genes, differentially regulated target genes and sample integrity: BestKeeper \u2013 Excel-based tool using pair-wise correlations. Biotechnol. Lett. 26, 509\u2013515 (2004).","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"58744_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-012-9885-2","volume":"80","author":"F Xie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xie, F., Xiao, P., Chen, D., Xu, L. & Zhang, B. miRDeepFinder: a miRNA analysis tool for deep sequencing of plant small RNAs. Plant Mol. Biol. 80, 75\u201384 (2012).","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"58744_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19834-9","volume":"25","author":"T Nakayama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nakayama, T. et al. Assessment of suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR studies in chronic rhinosinusitis. Sci. Rep. 25, 1568 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"58744_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-015-0972-x","volume":"72","author":"L Song","year":"2016","unstructured":"Song, L., Li, T., Fan, L., Shen, X.-Y. & Hou, C.-L. Identification and Evaluation of Reliable Reference Genes in the Medicinal Fungus Shiraia bambusicola. Curr. Microbiol. 72, 444\u2013449 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"58744_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16916-y","volume":"7","author":"J St-Pierre","year":"2017","unstructured":"St-Pierre, J., Gr\u00e9goire, J. C. & Vaillancourt, C. A simple method to assess group difference in RT-qPCR reference gene selection using GeNorm: The case of the placental sex. Sci. Rep. 7, 16923 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"58744_CR36","first-page":"1","volume":"2018","author":"J Qian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qian, J. et al. Selection and Evaluation of Appropriate Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Normalization of Volvariella volvacea Gene Expression under Different Conditions. Biomed Res. Int. 2018, 1\u201312 (2018).","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"58744_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2229-10-71","volume":"10","author":"R Huis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Huis, R., Hawkins, S. & Neutelings, G. Selection of reference genes for quantitative gene expression normalization in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). BMC Plant Biol. 10, 71 (2010).","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"key":"58744_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00294-014-0421-6","volume":"60","author":"D Zampieri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zampieri, D., Nora, L. C., Basso, V., Camassola, M. & Dillon, A. J. P. Validation of reference genes in Penicillium echinulatum to enable gene expression study using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Curr. Genet. 60, 231\u2013236 (2014).","journal-title":"Curr. Genet."},{"key":"58744_CR39","first-page":"1071","volume":"6","author":"P Sinha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sinha, P., Saxena, R. K., Singh, V. K., Krishnamurthy, L. & Varshney, R. K. Selection and Validation of Housekeeping Genes as Reference for Gene Expression Studies in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) under Heat and Salt Stress Conditions. Front. Plant Sci. 6, 1071 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"58744_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-005-0790-2","volume":"83","author":"LE Anderson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anderson, L. E., Gatla, N. & Carol, A. A. Enzyme co-localization in pea leaf chloroplasts: glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase, triose-P isomerase, aldolase and sedoheptulose bisphosphatase. Photosynth. Res. 83, 317\u2013328 (2005).","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"58744_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-10-99","volume":"10","author":"M-A Teste","year":"2009","unstructured":"Teste, M.-A., Duquenne, M., Fran\u00e7ois, J. M. & Parrou, J.-L. Validation of reference genes for quantitative expression analysis by real-time RT-PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Mol. Biol. 10, 99 (2009).","journal-title":"BMC Mol. Biol."},{"key":"58744_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","volume":"55","author":"SA Bustin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bustin, S. A. et al. The MIQE Guidelines: Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments. Clin. Chem. 55, 611\u2013622 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"58744_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx042","volume":"56","author":"S Paul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paul, S. et al. Rapid detection of fluconazole resistance in Candida tropicalis by MALDI-TOF MS. Med. Mycol. 56, 231\u2013241 (2018).","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"58744_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz019","volume":"74","author":"S Paul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paul, S., Singh, S., Chakrabarti, A., Rudramurthy, S. M. & Ghosh, A. K. Stable isotope labelling: an approach for MALDI-TOF MS-based rapid detection of fluconazole resistance in Candida tropicalis. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 74, 1269\u20131276 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"58744_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2014.11.009","volume":"21","author":"AK Ghosh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghosh, A. K. et al. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the rapid identification of yeasts causing bloodstream infections. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 21, 372\u20138 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"58744_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White, T. J., Bruns, S., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications 315\u2013322 (1990).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1"},{"key":"58744_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-7-25","volume":"7","author":"H Nailis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nailis, H., Coenye, T., Van Nieuwerburgh, F., Deforce, D. & Nelis, H. J. Development and evaluation of different normalization strategies for gene expression studies in Candida albicans biofilms by real-time PCR. BMC Mol. Biol. 7, 1\u20139 (2006).","journal-title":"BMC Mol. Biol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-58744-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-58744-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-58744-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T03:53:58Z","timestamp":1722398038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-58744-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["58744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-58744-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1972"}}