{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T06:16:54Z","timestamp":1757312214706},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"DH | National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The nuclear hormone receptor Dax1 functions during development as a testes-determining gene. However, the phenotype of male mice lacking Dax1 is strain-dependent due to the background-specific abundance of male-determining <jats:italic>Sry<\/jats:italic> gene<jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>transcripts. We hypothesised that inter-individual variation in <jats:italic>Sry<\/jats:italic> mRNA-abundance would result in a spectrum of phenotypes even within-strain. We found that while all XY C57BL\/6J mice lacking Dax1 presented as phenotypic females, there was a marked inter-individual variability in measures of fertility. Indeed, we report rare occasions where sex-reversed mice had measures of fertility comparable to those in control females. On two occasions, these sex-reversed XY mice were able to give birth to live offspring following mating to stud-males. As such, this work documents within-strain variability in phenotypes of XY mice lacking Dax1, and reports for the first time a complete sex-reversal capable of achieving live birth in these mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58788-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T11:04:13Z","timestamp":1580727853000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Live Birth in Sex-Reversed XY Mice Lacking the Nuclear Receptor Dax1"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Isabel","family":"Fernandes-Freitas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Milona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin G.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waljit S.","family":"Dhillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryn M.","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"58788_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90199-X","volume":"83","author":"DJ Mangelsdorf","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mangelsdorf, D. J. et al. The nuclear receptor superfamily: the second decade. Cell 83, 835\u2013839 (1995).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"58788_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.18.5.2949","volume":"18","author":"PA Crawford","year":"1998","unstructured":"Crawford, P. A., Dorn, C., Sadovsky, Y. & Milbrandt, J. Nuclear receptor DAX-1 recruits nuclear receptor corepressor N-CoR to steroidogenic factor 1. Mol Cell Biol 18, 2949\u20132956 (1998).","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"58788_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2004.02.002","volume":"15","author":"LM Ludbrook","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ludbrook, L. M. & Harley, V. R. Sex determination: a \u2018window\u2019 of DAX1 activity. 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Mol Genet Metab 83, 60\u201373, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymgme.2004.07.018 (2004).","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"58788_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1141","volume":"34","author":"JJ Meeks","year":"2003","unstructured":"Meeks, J. J., Weiss, J. & Jameson, J. L. Dax1 is required for testis determination. Nat Genet 34, 32\u201333, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng1141 (2003).","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"58788_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01890","volume":"132","author":"GJ Bouma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bouma, G. J. et al. Gonadal sex reversal in mutant Dax1 XY mice: a failure to upregulate Sox9 in pre-Sertoli cells. 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