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The presence of BSC was evaluated through a questionnaire and clinical evaluation. A total of 157 subjects were enrolled, of these 107 were HBV-infected patients, 54 receiving nucleoside analogues (NAs, Group A), 53 naive to antivirals (Group B) and 50 age-sex matched controls (Group C). All HBV-treated patients had negative HBV\u2013DNA. Twenty (37,0%) received lamivudine\u2009+\u2009adefovir, 20 (37.0%) tenofovir, 2 (3.7%) lamivudine and 12 (22.2%) entecavir. Therapy median duration was 38 months (IQR 20\u201360) in NA-treated patients. Group A showed significantly higher mtDNA\/nuclear (n) DNA ratio (p\u2009=\u20090.000008) compared to Group C and Group B (p\u2009=\u20090.002). Group B showed significantly higher mtDNA\/nDNA ratio compared to Group C (p\u2009=\u20090.017). Group A and B had significantly lower mtRNA\/nRNA ratio compared to Group C (p\u2009=\u20090.00003 and p\u2009=\u20090.00006, respectively). Tenofovir and entecavir showed less impact compared to lamivudine\u2009+\u2009adefovir. mtDNA\/nDNA ratio positively (Rho\u2009=\u20090.34, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and mtRNA\/nRNA ratio negatively (Rho\u2009=\u2009\u22120.34, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) correlated with therapy duration. BSC were significantly more frequent in Group A [10\/54 (18.5%)] compared to Group B [3\/53 (5.6%, p\u2009=\u20090.04)] and Group C [0\/50, (p\u2009=\u20090.0009)]. In conclusion, long-term NA therapy was associated both to mitochondrial toxicity and BSC, showing significant differences in mtDNA and mtRNA levels. Tenofovir and entecavir showed lower impact on alterations, compared to 1<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>generation NA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58837-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T11:04:48Z","timestamp":1580987088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Mitochondrial toxicity and body shape changes during nucleos(t)ide analogues administration in patients with chronic hepatitis B"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6099-2273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giordano","family":"Madeddu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Fiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Melis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Ortu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franca","family":"Mannu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto Augusto","family":"Muredda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Garrucciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Bandiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Zaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Bagella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Francesco","family":"Calvisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Babudieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"58837_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i1.14","volume":"13","author":"S Schaefer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schaefer, S. 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