{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:50:03Z","timestamp":1787003403284,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581897600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5P20GM121310-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P20GM121310-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5P20GM121310-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P20GM121310-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5P20GM121310-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P20GM121310-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5P20GM121310-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P20GM121310-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5P20GM121310-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P20GM121310-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM103432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM103432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM103432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM103432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM103432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>More than a quarter of a million individuals in the US live with spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI disrupts neural circuitry to vital organs in the body. Despite severe incidences of long-term peripheral complications from SCI, the cardio-metabolic consequences and divergences in sex-related responses are not well described. We examined the effects of SCI on functional recovery, cardiac structure and function, body composition, and glucose metabolism on adult female and male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. SCI was induced at T10 via contusion. Measured outcomes include behavioral assessment, body weight, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) for body composition, echocardiography for cardiac structure and function, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) for glucose metabolism, insulin tolerance test (ITT), and histology of cardiac structure at the endpoint. There was a decrease in body fat percentage in both sexes, with SCI females disproportionately affected in percent body fat change. Left ventricular internal diameter during systole (LVIDs) was decreased in SCI females more than in SCI males. No significant differences in glucose metabolism were observed up to 20 weeks post-injury (PI). These data show significant cardio-metabolic differences as a consequence of SCI and, furthermore, that sex is an underlying factor in these differences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59628-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T06:07:02Z","timestamp":1581919622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Long-Term Pilot Study on Sex and Spinal Cord Injury Shows Sexual Dimorphism in Functional Recovery and Cardio-Metabolic Responses"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Adel B.","family":"Ghnenis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel T.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wupu","family":"Osimanjiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanglong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared S.","family":"Bushman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"59628_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S68889","volume":"6","author":"A Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh, A., Tetreault, L., Kalsi-Ryan, S., Nouri, A. & Fehlings, M. G. Global prevalence and incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury. Clin Epidemiol 6, 309\u2013331, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CLEP.S68889 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"59628_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199206000-00007","volume":"8","author":"TE Balazy","year":"1992","unstructured":"Balazy, T. E. Clinical management of chronic pain in spinal cord injury. The Clinical journal of pain 8, 102\u2013110 (1992).","journal-title":"The Clinical journal of pain"},{"key":"59628_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.10.032","volume":"95","author":"VY Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma, V. Y., Chan, L. & Carruthers, K. J. Incidence, prevalence, costs, and impact on disability of common conditions requiring rehabilitation in the United States: stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, limb loss, and back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 95, 986\u2013995 e981, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.10.032 (2014).","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"59628_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1310\/sci1903-172","volume":"19","author":"A Selassie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Selassie, A., Snipe, L., Focht, K. L. & Welldaregay, W. Baseline prevalence of heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in persons with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: potential threats in the recovery trajectory. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 19, 172\u2013182, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1310\/sci1903-172 (2013).","journal-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil"},{"key":"59628_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90251-4","volume":"80","author":"WO McKinley","year":"1999","unstructured":"McKinley, W. O., Jackson, A. B., Cardenas, D. D. & DeVivo, M. J. Long-term medical complications after traumatic spinal cord injury: a regional model systems analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 80, 1402\u20131410 (1999).","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"59628_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.11.0551","volume":"132","author":"EM Hagen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hagen, E. M., Rekand, T., Gronning, M. & Faerestrand, S. Cardiovascular complications of spinal cord injury. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 132, 1115\u20131120, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4045\/tidsskr.11.0551 (2012).","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"issue":"2","key":"59628_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.08.948","volume":"7","author":"William A. Bauman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bauman, W. A. & Cardozo, C. P. Osteoporosis in individuals with spinal cord injury. PM R 7, 188\u2013201; quiz 201, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.08.948 (2015).","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"59628_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.02.031","volume":"88","author":"MS Nash","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nash, M. S. & Mendez, A. J. A guideline-driven assessment of need for cardiovascular disease risk intervention in persons with chronic paraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 88, 751\u2013757, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.02.031 (2007).","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"59628_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1159\/000279335","volume":"34","author":"M.E.L. van den Berg","year":"2010","unstructured":"van den Berg, M. E., Castellote, J. M., Mahillo-Fernandez, I. & de Pedro-Cuesta, J. Incidence of spinal cord injury worldwide: a systematic review. Neuroepidemiology 34, 184\u2013192; discussion 192, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000279335 (2010).","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"59628_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2016.1140390","volume":"41","author":"AS Chopra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chopra, A. S., Miyatani, M. & Craven, B. C. Cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: Prevalence of untreated risk factors and poor adherence to treatment guidelines. J Spinal Cord Med 41, 2\u20139, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10790268.2016.1140390 (2018).","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"59628_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2011.178","volume":"50","author":"MJ Devivo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Devivo, M. J. Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury: trends and future implications. Spinal Cord 50, 365\u2013372, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sc.2011.178 (2012).","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"59628_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1137","volume":"37","author":"A Kautzky-Willer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kautzky-Willer, A., Harreiter, J. & Pacini, G. Sex and Gender Differences in Risk, Pathophysiology and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Rev 37, 278\u2013316, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2015-1137 (2016).","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"59628_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-015-0033-y","volume":"6","author":"F Mauvais-Jarvis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mauvais-Jarvis, F. Sex differences in metabolic homeostasis, diabetes, and obesity. Biol Sex Differ 6, 14, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13293-015-0033-y (2015).","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"59628_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2018.09.001","volume":"176","author":"Julie A. Chowen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chowen, J. A., Freire-Regatillo, A. & Argente, J. Neurobiological characteristics underlying metabolic differences between males and females. Prog Neurobiol, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2018.09.001 (2018).","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"key":"59628_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S1440-2440(00)80038-9","volume":"3","author":"MA Tarnopolsky","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tarnopolsky, M. A. Gender differences in metabolism; nutrition and supplements. J Sci Med Sport 3, 287\u2013298 (2000).","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"59628_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2017.05.003","volume":"48","author":"JA Chowen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chowen, J. A., Argente-Arizon, P., Freire-Regatillo, A. & Argente, J. Sex differences in the neuroendocrine control of metabolism and the implication of astrocytes. Front Neuroendocrinol 48, 3\u201312, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yfrne.2017.05.003 (2018).","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"59628_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e293","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2018\/e293","volume":"73","author":"PA Borges","year":"2018","unstructured":"Borges, P. A. et al. Standardization of a spinal cord lesion model and neurologic evaluation using mice. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 73, e293\u2013e293, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6061\/clinics\/2018\/e293 (2018).","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"issue":"8","key":"59628_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2019.09.033","volume":"26","author":"Shuliang Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, S., Zhou, J., Zhang, J., Wang, D. & Ma, J. Construction of rat spinal cord injury model based on Allen\u2019s animal model. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2019.09.033 (2019).","journal-title":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"59628_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2017.01.013","volume":"8","author":"M Takano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Takano, M. et al. Enhanced Functional Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury in Aged Mice after Stem Cell Transplantation through HGF Induction. Stem Cell Reports 8, 509\u2013518, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stemcr.2017.01.013 (2017).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"59628_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1996.0098","volume":"139","author":"DM Basso","year":"1996","unstructured":"Basso, D. M., Beattie, M. S. & Bresnahan, J. C. Graded Histological and Locomotor Outcomes after Spinal Cord Contusion Using the NYU Weight-Drop Device versus Transection. Experimental Neurology 139, 244\u2013256, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/exnr.1996.0098 (1996).","journal-title":"Experimental Neurology"},{"key":"59628_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2353","volume":"30","author":"A Mountney","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mountney, A. et al. Sialidase, chondroitinase ABC, and combination therapy after spinal cord contusion injury. J Neurotrauma 30, 181\u2013190, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2012.2353 (2013).","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"59628_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772314Y.0000000245","volume":"37","author":"AS Gorgey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gorgey, A. S. et al. Effects of spinal cord injury on body composition and metabolic profile - part I. J Spinal Cord Med 37, 693\u2013702, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/2045772314Y.0000000245 (2014).","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"59628_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175S","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217703084","volume":"7","author":"AS Burns","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burns, A. S. et al. Type and Timing of Rehabilitation Following Acute and Subacute Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review. Global Spine J 7, 175S\u2013194S, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2192568217703084 (2017).","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"issue":"9","key":"59628_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02241.x","volume":"16","author":"Ehud Hauben","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hauben, E., Mizrahi, T., Agranov, E. & Schwartz, M. Sexual dimorphism in the spontaneous recovery from spinal cord injury: a gender gap in beneficial autoimmunity?, 16, 1731\u20131740, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02241.x (2002).","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"59628_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3702","volume":"32","author":"JP Datto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Datto, J. P. et al. Female Rats Demonstrate Improved Locomotor Recovery and Greater Preservation of White and Gray Matter after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Compared to Males. J Neurotrauma 32, 1146\u20131157, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2014.3702 (2015).","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"59628_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.24891","volume":"82","author":"BD Greenwald","year":"2001","unstructured":"Greenwald, B. D., Seel, R. T., Cifu, D. X. & Shah, A. N. Gender-related differences in acute rehabilitation lengths of stay, charges, and functional outcomes for a matched sample with spinal cord injury: A multicenter investigation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 82, 1181\u20131187, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/apmr.2001.24891 (2001).","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"6","key":"59628_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215504cr749oa","volume":"18","author":"Giorgio Scivoletto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Scivoletto, G., Morganti, B. & Molinari, M. Sex-related differences of rehabilitation outcomes of spinal cord lesion patients. 18, 709\u2013713, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/0269215504cr749oa (2004).","journal-title":"Clinical Rehabilitation"},{"key":"59628_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.04.031","volume":"85","author":"ML Sipski","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sipski, M. L., Jackson, A. B., G\u00f3mez-Mar\u00edn, O., Estores, I. & Stein, A. Effects of gender on neurologic and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 85, 1826\u20131836, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.04.031 (2004).","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"59628_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01285.2013","volume":"116","author":"HL Lujan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lujan, H. L., Janbaih, H. & DiCarlo, S. E. Structural remodeling of the heart and its premotor cardioinhibitory vagal neurons following T(5) spinal cord transection. J Appl Physiol (1985) 116, 1148\u20131155, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01285.2013 (2014).","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"59628_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.268367","volume":"592","author":"CR West","year":"2014","unstructured":"West, C. R. et al. Passive hind-limb cycling improves cardiac function and reduces cardiovascular disease risk in experimental spinal cord injury. The Journal of physiology 592, 1771\u20131783, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.268367 (2014).","journal-title":"The Journal of physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"59628_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086549","volume":"103","author":"Jordan W. Squair","year":"2018","unstructured":"Squair, J. W., Liu, J., Tetzlaff, W., Krassioukov, A. V. & West, C. R. Spinal cord injury-induced cardiomyocyte atrophy and impaired cardiac function are severity dependent. 103, 179\u2013189, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep086549 (2018).","journal-title":"Experimental Physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"59628_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085978","volume":"102","author":"David W. Popok","year":"2017","unstructured":"Popok, D. W., West, C. R., McCracken, L. & Krassioukov, A. V. Effects of early and delayed initiation of exercise training on cardiac and haemodynamic function after spinal cord injury. 102, 154\u2013163, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep085978 (2017).","journal-title":"Experimental Physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"59628_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.4984","volume":"35","author":"Jordan W. Squair","year":"2018","unstructured":"W., S. J. et al. Spinal Cord Injury Causes Systolic Dysfunction and Cardiomyocyte Atrophy. 35, 424\u2013434, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2017.4984 (2018).","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotrauma"},{"key":"59628_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03086131","volume":"16","author":"C Mihl","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mihl, C., Dassen, W. R. & Kuipers, H. Cardiac remodelling: concentric versus eccentric hypertrophy in strength and endurance athletes. Neth Heart J 16, 129\u2013133, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf03086131 (2008).","journal-title":"Neth Heart J"},{"key":"59628_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a1aa68","volume":"81","author":"JJ Cragg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cragg, J. J., Noonan, V. K., Krassioukov, A. & Borisoff, J. Cardiovascular disease and spinal cord injury: results from a national population health survey. Neurology 81, 723\u2013728, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a1aa68 (2013).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"59628_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-010-0841-y","volume":"18","author":"AHEM Maas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maas, A. H. E. M. & Appelman, Y. E. A. Gender differences in coronary heart disease. Neth Heart J 18, 598\u2013602, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12471-010-0841-y (2010).","journal-title":"Neth Heart J"},{"key":"59628_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-2028-8","volume":"17","author":"S-D Jiang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jiang, S.-D., Dai, L.-Y. & Jiang, L.-S. Osteoporosis after spinal cord injury. Osteoporos Int 17, 180\u2013192, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-005-2028-8 (2006).","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"59628_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.128760","volume":"48","author":"R Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh, R., Rohilla, R. K., Saini, G. & Kaur, K. Longitudinal study of body composition in spinal cord injury patients. Indian J Orthop 48, 168\u2013177, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5413.128760 (2014).","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"59628_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1995.141","volume":"33","author":"E Wilmet","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wilmet, E., Ismail, A. A., Heilporn, A., Welraeds, D. & Bergmann, P. Longitudinal study of the bone mineral content and of soft tissue composition after spinal cord section. Spinal Cord 33, 674\u2013677, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sc.1995.141 (1995).","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"59628_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2007.11754612","volume":"30","author":"CM McDonald","year":"2007","unstructured":"McDonald, C. M., Abresch-Meyer, A. L., Nelson, M. D. & Widman, L. M. Body mass index and body composition measures by dual x-ray absorptiometry in patients aged 10 to 21 years with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 30(Suppl 1), S97\u2013S104, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10790268.2007.11754612 (2007).","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"59628_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.150","volume":"54","author":"MG Panisset","year":"2015","unstructured":"Panisset, M. G., Galea, M. P. & El-Ansary, D. Does early exercise attenuate muscle atrophy or bone loss after spinal cord injury? Spinal Cord 54, 84, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sc.2015.150 (2015).","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"59628_CR42","first-page":"288","volume":"9","author":"LP Jack","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jack, L. P., Hunt, K. J. & Allan, D. B. Muscle and bone adaptations after treadmill training in incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: a case study using peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 9, 288\u2013297 (2009).","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"59628_CR43","unstructured":"Council, N. R. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: Eighth Edition. (The National Academies Press, 2011)."},{"key":"59628_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00284","volume":"10","author":"JR Deuis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deuis, J. R., Dvorakova, L. S. & Vetter, I. Methods Used to Evaluate Pain Behaviors in Rodents. Front Mol Neurosci 10, 284\u2013284, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00284 (2017).","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"59628_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2011.09.007","volume":"35","author":"J Trierweiler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Trierweiler, J., G\u00f6ttert, D. N. & Gehlen, G. Evaluation of Mechanical Allodynia in an Animal Immobilization Model Using the Von Frey Method. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 35, 18\u201325, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmpt.2011.09.007 (2012).","journal-title":"Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics"},{"key":"59628_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2016.02.014","volume":"92","author":"L Cao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cao, L. et al. CARD9 knockout ameliorates myocardial dysfunction associated with high fat diet-induced obesity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 92, 185\u2013195, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2016.02.014 (2016).","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"59628_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E454","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00470.2002","volume":"285","author":"R Brommage","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brommage, R. Validation and calibration of DEXA body composition in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285, E454\u2013459, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00470.2002 (2003).","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"59628_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-9972-4","volume":"53","author":"FW Leung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leung, F. W., Murray, S., Murray, E. & Go, V. L. Determination of body fat distribution by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and attenuation of visceral fat vasoconstriction by enalapril. Dig Dis Sci 53, 1084\u20131087, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-007-9972-4 (2008).","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"59628_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2010.11.017","volume":"149","author":"CA Shen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shen, C. A. et al. Effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 on glycemia control and its metabolic consequence after severe thermal injury\u2013studies in an animal model. Surgery 149, 635\u2013644, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2010.11.017 (2011).","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"59628_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7548","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805806106","volume":"106","author":"D Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang, D. et al. Cardiomyocyte cyclooxygenase-2 influences cardiac rhythm and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106, 7548\u20137552, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0805806106 (2009).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-59628-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-59628-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-59628-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T02:20:08Z","timestamp":1670293208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-59628-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["59628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-59628-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 November 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2762"}}