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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Keap1-Nrf2 signalling and autophagy pathways after DEP exposure. BEAS-2B cells were transfected with silencing RNA (siRNA) specific to Nrf2 and exposed to DEP. The relative levels of mRNA for Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, LC3B, p62 and Atg5 were determined using RT-PCR, while the levels of LCB3, Nrf2, and p62 protein were determined using Western blotting. The autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin caused a significant decrease in the production of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 compared to DEPs treatment, whereas the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane increased the LC3B (p\u2009=\u20090.020) levels. BEAS-2B cells exposed to DEP at a concentration of 50\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for 2\u2009h showed a significant increase in the expression of LC3B (p\u2009=\u20090.001), p62 (p\u2009=\u20090.008), Nrf2 (p\u2009=\u20090.003), HO-1 (p\u2009=\u20090.001) and NQO1 (p\u2009=\u20090.015) genes compared to control. In siRNA-transfected cells, the LC3B (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), p62 (p\u2009=\u20090.001) and Atg5 (p\u2009=\u20090.024) mRNA levels and the p62 and LC3II protein levels were decreased, indicating that Nrf2 modulated the expression of autophagy markers (R\u2009&lt;\u20091). These results imply that, in bronchial cells exposed to DEP, the Nrf2 system positively regulates autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59930-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T11:02:41Z","timestamp":1582887761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Nrf2 positively regulates autophagy antioxidant response in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to diesel exhaust particles"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Daniela Perroni","family":"Frias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel Labiapari Nunes","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Yoshizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regiani","family":"Carvalho-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara de Souza","family":"Junqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walcy Rosolia","family":"Teodoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9rola de Castro","family":"Vasconcellos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela Cristina de Almeida","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Roberto da","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Hil\u00e1rio Nascimento","family":"Saldiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais","family":"Mauad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariangela","family":"Macchione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"59930_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-015-9296-7","volume":"31","author":"RL Maynard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maynard, R. 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