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We therefore developed a reproducible mouse model of invasive candidiasis initiated by fungal translocation and compared the virulence of six major pathogenic <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species. The mice were fed a low-protein diet and then inoculated intragastrically with <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> cells. Oral antibiotics and cyclophosphamide were then administered to facilitate colonization and subsequent dissemination of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> cells. Mice infected with <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Candida tropicalis<\/jats:italic> exhibited higher mortality than mice infected with the other four species. Among the less virulent species, stool titres of <jats:italic>Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Candida parapsilosis<\/jats:italic> were higher than those of <jats:italic>Candida krusei<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Candida guilliermondii<\/jats:italic>. The fungal burdens of <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. krusei<\/jats:italic> in the livers and kidneys were significantly greater than those of <jats:italic>C. guilliermondii<\/jats:italic>. Histopathologically, <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> demonstrated the highest pathogenicity to invade into gut mucosa and liver tissues causing marked necrosis. Overall, this model allowed analysis of the virulence traits of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> strains in individual mice including colonization in the gut, penetration into intestinal mucosa, invasion into blood vessels, and the subsequent dissemination leading to lethal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60792-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T11:02:41Z","timestamp":1583146961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Virulence assessment of six major pathogenic Candida species in the mouse model of invasive candidiasis caused by fungal translocation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Hirayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0962-5758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taiga","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Wakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazutoshi","family":"Shibuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0696-5386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Takazono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Saijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Shimamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuko","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Izumikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsunori","family":"Yanagihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Kohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Mukae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"60792_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1086\/421946","volume":"39","author":"H Wisplinghoff","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wisplinghoff, H. et al. 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