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Furthermore, most immunogenetic studies in the wild focused solely on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) diversity despite it accounts for only a fraction of the genetic variation in pathogen resistance. Here, we investigated immunogenetic diversity of the Alpine ibex (<jats:italic>Capra ibex<\/jats:italic>) population of the Bargy massif, reservoir of a virulent outbreak of brucellosis. We analysed the polymorphism and associations with disease resistance of the MHC Class II <jats:italic>Drb<\/jats:italic> gene and several non-MHC genes (Toll-like receptor genes, <jats:italic>Slc11A1<\/jats:italic>) involved in the innate immune response to <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> in domestic ungulates. We found a very low neutral genetic diversity and a unique MHC <jats:italic>Drb<\/jats:italic> haplotype in this population founded few decades ago from a small number of individuals. By contrast, other immunity-related genes have maintained polymorphism and some\u00a0showed significant associations with the brucellosis infection status hence suggesting a predominant role of pathogen-mediated selection in their recent evolutionary trajectory. Our results highlight the need to monitor immunogenetic variation in wildlife epidemiological studies and to look beyond the MHC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61299-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T11:03:11Z","timestamp":1583838191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Genetic epidemiology of the Alpine ibex reservoir of persistent and virulent brucellosis outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3880-1933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erwan","family":"Qu\u00e9m\u00e9r\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Petit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00ebl","family":"Merlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvette","family":"Game","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Galan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Gilot-Fromont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"61299_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2010.01742.x","volume":"80","author":"DM Tompkins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tompkins, D. 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