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We investigated whether inflammation mediates associations between obesity and microvascular parameters. In 1054 children (mean age 11 years) and 1147 adults (44 years) from a cross-sectional study, we measured BMI (z-scores for children) and WHtR, Glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA), an inflammatory marker, and retinal arteriolar and venular calibre. Causal mediation analysis methods decomposed a \u201ctotal effect\u201d into \u201cdirect\u201d and \u201cindirect\u201d components via a mediator, considering continuous and categorical measures and adjusting for potential confounders. Compared to normal-weight BMI children, those with overweight or obesity had narrower arteriolar calibre (total effects \u22120.21 to \u22120.12 standard deviation (SD)): direct (not mediated via GlycA) effects were similar. Children with overweight or obesity had 0.25 to 0.35\u2009SD wider venular calibre, of which 19 to 25% was mediated via GlycA. In adults, those with obesity had 0.07\u2009SD greater venular calibre, which was completely mediated by GlycA (indirect effect: 0.07\u2009SD, 95% CI \u22120.01 to 0.16). Similar findings were obtained with other obesity measures. Inflammation mediated associations between obesity and retinal venules, but not arterioles from mid-childhood, with higher mediation effects observed in adults. Interventions targeting inflammatory pathways may help mitigate adverse impacts of obesity on the microvasculature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61801-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T11:04:07Z","timestamp":1584615847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Inflammation mediates the relationship between obesity and retinal vascular calibre in 11-12 year-olds children and mid-life adults"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8337-7633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengjiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Lycett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Moreno-Betancur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8448-1264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tien Yin","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6912-2810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingguang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9510-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Saffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9498-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Juonala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Wake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Burgner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"61801_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.10.011","volume":"92","author":"C Koliaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koliaki, C., Liatis, S. & Kokkinos, A. 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