{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:50:44Z","timestamp":1792641044825,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584489600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17K14936"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K14936"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K07353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K07353"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16H05130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16H05130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K13112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K13112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Happiness is key for both mental and physical well-being. To further understand the brain mechanisms involved, we utilized the cataplexy that occurs in narcoleptic animal models as a quantitative behavioral measure because it is triggered by actions associated with happiness, such as laughter in humans and palatable foods in mice. Here we report that the rostral part of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell is strongly activated during the beginning of chocolate-induced cataplexy in orexin neuron-ablated mice. We made a local lesion in the NAc using ibotenic acid and observed the animals\u2019 behavior. The number of cataplexy bouts was negatively correlated to the lesion size. We also examined the hedonic response to palatable food by measuring the number of tongue protrusions in response to presentation of honey, which was also found to be negatively correlated to the lesion size. Next, we used clozapine N-oxide to either activate or inactivate the NAc through viral DREADD expression. As expected, the number of cataplexy bouts increased with activation and decreased with inactivation, and saline control injections showed no changes. Hedonic response in the DREADD experiment varied and showed both increases and decreases across mice. These results demonstrated that the rostral part of the NAc plays a crucial role in triggering cataplexy and hedonic orofacial movements. Since the NAc is also implicated in motivated behavior, we propose that the NAc is one of the key brain structures involved in happiness and is a driving force for positive emotion-related behaviors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61823-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T12:46:08Z","timestamp":1584535568000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Involvement of the Nucleus Accumbens in Chocolate-induced Cataplexy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jingyang","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikue","family":"Kusumoto-Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuto","family":"Isomichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4226-3610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Kuwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"61823_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-016-0414-7","volume":"16","author":"A Suardi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suardi, A., Sotgiu, I., Costa, T., Cauda, F. & Rusconi, M. The neural correlates of happiness: A review of PET and fMRI studies using autobiographical recall methods. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 16, 383\u2013392, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13415-016-0414-7 (2016).","journal-title":"Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.02.018","volume":"86","author":"KC Berridge","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berridge, K. C. & Kringelbach, M. L. Pleasure systems in the brain. Neuron 86, 646\u2013664, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.02.018 (2015).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"61823_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.17.1.45","volume":"17","author":"LE Krahn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Krahn, L. E., Lymp, J. F., Moore, W. R., Slocumb, N. & Silber, M. H. Characterizing the emotions that trigger cataplexy. J. Neuropsychiat Clin. Neurosci. 17, 45\u201350 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiat Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9734","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5632-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"CR Burgess","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burgess, C. R., Oishi, Y., Mochizuki, T., Peever, J. H. & Scammell, T. E. Amygdala lesions reduce cataplexy in orexin knock-out mice. J. Neurosci. 33, 9734\u20139742, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5632-12.2013 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81973-X","volume":"98","author":"RM Chemelli","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chemelli, R. M. et al. Narcolepsy in orexin knockout mice: molecular genetics of sleep regulation. Cell 98, 437\u2013451 (1999).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"61823_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9743","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0499-13.2013","volume":"33","author":"Y Oishi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oishi, Y. et al. Role of the medial prefrontal cortex in cataplexy. J. Neurosci. 33, 9743\u20139751, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0499-13.2013 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-013-0505-y","volume":"219","author":"B Antoine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Antoine, B., Serge, L. & Jocelyne, C. Comparative dynamics of MAPK\/ERK signalling components and immediate early genes in the hippocampus and amygdala following contextual fear conditioning and retrieval. Brain Struct. Funct. 219, 415\u2013430, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00429-013-0505-y (2014).","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"61823_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00832","volume":"9","author":"Y Ikoma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ikoma, Y., Kusumoto-Yoshida, I., Yamanaka, A., Ootsuka, Y. & Kuwaki, T. Inactivation of serotonergic neurons in the rostral medullary raph\u00e9 attenuates stress-induced tachypnea and tachycardia in mice. Front. Physiol. 9, 832, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2018.00832 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"61823_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6495","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0073-14.2014","volume":"34","author":"S Tabuchi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tabuchi, S. et al. Conditional ablation of orexin\/hypocretin neurons: A new mouse model for the study of narcolepsy and orexin system function. J. Neurosci. 34, 6495\u20136509, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0073-14.2014 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00058-1","volume":"27","author":"T Thannickal","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thannickal, T. et al. Reduced number of hypocretin neurons in human narcolepsy. Neuron 27, 469\u2013474, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00058-1 (2000).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"61823_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11572","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2344-15.2015","volume":"35","author":"MP Saddoris","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saddoris, M. P., Cacciapaglia, F., Wightman, R. M. & Carelli, R. M. Differential dopamine release dynamics in the nucleus accumbens core and shell reveal complementary signals for error prediction and incentive motivation. J. Neurosci. 35, 11572\u201311582, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2344-15.2015 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1521238113","volume":"113","author":"ES Calipari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Calipari, E. S. et al. In vivo imaging identifies temporal signature of D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons in cocaine reward. PNAS 113, 2726\u20132731, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1521238113 (2016).","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"61823_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.04.002","volume":"37","author":"EJ Nunes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nunes, E. J., A. Randall, P., Podurgiel, S., Correa, M. & D. Salamone, J. Nucleus accumbens neurotransmission and effort-related choice behavior in food motivation: Effects of drugs acting on dopamine, adenosine, and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 37, 2015\u20132025, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.04.002 (2013).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"61823_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11469","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2338-16.2016","volume":"36","author":"CR Ferrario","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ferrario, C. R. et al. Homeostasis Meets Motivation in the Battle to Control Food Intake. J. Neurosci. 36, 11469\u201311481, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2338-16.2016 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1021\/cn500255p","volume":"6","author":"JM Wenzel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wenzel, J. M., Rauscher, N. A., Cheer, J. F. & Oleson, E. B. A role for phasic dopamine release within the nucleus accumbens in encoding aversion: A review of the neurochemical literature. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 6, 16\u201326, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cn500255p (2015).","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR16","unstructured":"Salamone, J. D. et al. In Behavioral Neuroscience of Motivation. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 27. (eds. Simpson, E. & Balsam, P.) 231\u2013257 (Springer, Cham, 2015)."},{"key":"61823_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corbit, L. H. & Balleine, B. W. In Behavioral Neuroscience of Motivation. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 27. (eds. Simpson, E. & Balsam, P.) 259\u2013289 (Springer, Cham, 2015).","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2015_388"},{"key":"61823_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.163","volume":"20","author":"PW Gold","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gold, P. W. The organization of the stress system and its dysregulation in depressive illness. Mol. Psychiat 20, 32\u201347, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2014.163 (2015).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiat"},{"key":"61823_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.09.007","volume":"81","author":"TC Francis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Francis, T. C. & Lobo, M. K. Emerging role for nucleus accumbens medium spiny neuron subtypes in depression. Biol. Psychiat 81, 645\u2013653, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.09.007 (2017).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiat"},{"key":"61823_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2006.03.009","volume":"31","author":"LO Murphy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Murphy, L. O. & Blenis, J. MAPK signal specificity: the right place at the right time. Trends Biochem. Sci. 31, 268\u2013275, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibs.2006.03.009 (2006).","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"61823_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-19-j0003.2001","volume":"21","author":"TC Chou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chou, T. C. et al. Orexin (hypocretin) neurons contain dynorphin. J. Neurosci. 21, 1\u20136 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Futatsuki, T. et al. Involvement of orexin neurons in fasting- and central adenosineinduced hypothermia. Sci Rep 8, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-21252-w (2018).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21252-w"},{"key":"61823_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09260.x","volume":"877","author":"HJ Groenewegen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Groenewegen, H. J., Wright, C. I., Beijer, A. V. J. & Voorn, P. Convergence and segregation of ventral striatal inputs and outputs. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. 877, 49\u201363, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09260.x (2006).","journal-title":"Ann. NY. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"61823_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3556","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12720","volume":"40","author":"C-Y Ho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ho, C.-Y. & Berridge, K. C. Excessive disgust caused by brain lesions or temporary inactivations: Mapping hotspots of nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum. Eur. J. Neurosci. 40, 3556\u20133572, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.12720 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan2475","volume":"357","author":"JL Gomez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gomez, J. L. et al. Chemogenetics revealed: DREADD occupancy and activation via converted clozapine. Sci. 357, 503\u2013507, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aan2475 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci."},{"key":"61823_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2009.21.3.345","volume":"21","author":"T Butler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Butler, T. Clozapine-Induced Negative Myoclonus is not Cataplexy. J. Neuropsychiat Clin. Neurosci. 21, 345 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiat Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199010000-00009","volume":"178","author":"J Chiles","year":"1990","unstructured":"Chiles, J., Cohn, S. & McNaughton, A. Dropping objects: possible mild cataplexy associated with clozapine. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 178, 663\u2013664 (1990).","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"61823_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD009555","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009555.pub2.","volume":"6","author":"S Subramanian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Subramanian, S., V\u00f6llm, B. & Huband, N. Clozapine dose for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 6, CD009555, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009555.pub2. (2017).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"61823_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3526","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1614552114","volume":"114","author":"E Hasegawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hasegawa, E. et al. Serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe mediate the anticataplectic action of orexin neurons by reducing amygdala activity. PNAS 114, E3526\u20133535, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1614552114 (2017).","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"61823_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.03.017","volume":"44","author":"M Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu, M., Blanco-Centurion, C. & Shiromani, P. J. Rewiring brain circuits to block cataplexy in murine models of narcolepsy. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 44, 110\u2013115, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2017.03.017 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"61823_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.04.005","volume":"222","author":"M Morawska","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morawska, M., Buchi, M. & Fendt, M. Narcoleptic episodes in orexin-deficient mice are increased by both attractive and aversive odors. Behav. Brain Res. 222, 397\u2013400, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.04.005 (2011).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"61823_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2092","volume":"8","author":"T Sakurai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sakurai, T. The neural circuit of orexin (hypocretin): maintaining sleep and wakefulness. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8, 171\u2013181, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2092 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.48.4.384","volume":"48","author":"P Ekman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ekman, P. Facial expression and emotion. Am. Psychol. 48, 384\u2013392, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.48.4.384 (1993).","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"61823_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5479.633","volume":"289","author":"S Kaneko","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kaneko, S. et al. Synaptic Integration Mediated by Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons in Basal Ganglia Function. Sci. 289, 633\u2013637, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.289.5479.633 (2000).","journal-title":"Sci."},{"key":"61823_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4295","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5192-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"AJ Robison","year":"2013","unstructured":"Robison, A. J. et al. Behavioral and structural responses to chronic cocaine require a feedforward loop involving FosB and calcium\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the nucleus accumbens shell. J. Neurosci. 33, 4295\u20134307 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(97)00048-5","volume":"28","author":"S Frey","year":"1997","unstructured":"Frey, S., Morris, R. & Petrides, M. A neuroanatomical method to assess the integrity of fibers of passage following ibotenate-induced damage to the central nervous system. Neurosci. Res. 28, 285\u2013288, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0168-0102(97)00048-5 (1997).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"61823_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237708","volume":"37","author":"R Schwarcz","year":"1979","unstructured":"Schwarcz, R. et al. Ibotenic acid-induced neuronal degeneration: A morphological and neurochemical study. Exp. Brain Res. 37, 199\u2013216, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00237708 (1979).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"61823_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw7570","volume":"364","author":"RM Shansky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shansky, R. M. Are hormones a \u201cfemale problem\u201d for animal research? Sci. 364, 825\u2013826, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaw7570 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci."},{"key":"61823_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2012.01057.x","volume":"21","author":"D-J Dijk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dijk, D.-J. Imaging and monitoring sleep and its disorders: local sleep, circadian rhythms and variability. J. Sleep. Res. 21, 485\u2013486, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2012.01057.x (2012).","journal-title":"J. Sleep. Res."},{"key":"61823_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.07.041","volume":"334","author":"K Miyata","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miyata, K., Kuwaki, T. & Ootsuka, Y. The integrated ultradian organization of behavior and physiology in mice and the contribution of orexin to the ultradian patterning. Neurosci. 334, 119\u2013133, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.07.041 (2016).","journal-title":"Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep\/32.1.111","volume":"32","author":"TE Scammell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scammell, T. E., Willie, J. T., Guilleminault, C., Siegel, J. M. & Narcolepsy, I. W. G. O. R. M. O. A consensus definition of cataplexy in mouse models of narcolepsy. Sleep. 32, 111\u2013116 (2009).","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"61823_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4239","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4458-13.2014","volume":"34","author":"DC Castro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Castro, D. C. & Berridge, K. C. Opioid hedonic hotspot in nucleus accumbens shell: Mu, delta, and kappa maps for enhancement of sweetness \u201cLiking\u201d and \u201cWanting\u201d. J. Neurosci. 34, 4239\u20134250, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4458-13.2014 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(76)90193-1","volume":"108","author":"M Tappaz","year":"1976","unstructured":"Tappaz, M., Brownstein, M. & Palkovits, M. Distribution of glutamate decarboxylase in discrete brain nuclei. Brain Res. 108, 371\u2013379 (1976).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"61823_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-06-01540.1991","volume":"11","author":"DL Benson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Benson, D. L., Isackson, P. J., Hendry, S. H. C. & Jones, E. G. Differential gene expression for glutamic acid decarboxylase and type II calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase in basal ganglia, thalamus, and hypothalamus of the monkey. J. Neurosci. 11, 1540\u20131564 (1991).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.04.042.","volume":"1518","author":"X Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang, X., Zhang, C., Sz\u00e1bo, G. & Sun, Q.-Q. Distribution of CaMKII\u03b1 expression in the brain in vivo, studied by CaMKII\u03b1-GFP mice. Brain Res. 1518, 9\u201325, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.04.042. (2013).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"61823_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04208.x","volume":"100","author":"JQ Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang, J. Q., Fibuch, E. E. & Mao, L. Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by glutamate receptors. J. Neurochem. 100, 1\u201311, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04208.x (2007).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"61823_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-02-01285.1995","volume":"15","author":"J Ortiz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ortiz, J. et al. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) and ERK kinase (MEK) in brain: Regional distribution and regulation by chronic morphine. J. Neurosci. 15, 1285\u20131297 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"61823_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(97)00179-4","volume":"94","author":"M Papa","year":"1998","unstructured":"Papa, M., Sergeant, J. A. & Sadile, A. G. Reduced transduction mechanisms in the anterior accumbal interface of an animal model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behav. Brain Res. 94, 187\u2013195 (1998).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"61823_CR49","unstructured":"Paxinos, G. & Franklin, K. B. J. The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. (Academic Press, 2001)."},{"key":"61823_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10221","volume":"447","author":"RW Guillery","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guillery, R. W. On counting and counting errors. J. Comp. Neurol. 447, 1\u20137 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-61823-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-61823-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-61823-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T08:07:56Z","timestamp":1670314076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-61823-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["61823"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-61823-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 November 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4958"}}