{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T01:55:10Z","timestamp":1780624510434,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587686400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of metabolic characteristics on the prognosis of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma remains controversial. We investigated the associations between metabolic features of each individual and disease prognosis in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Data of 1,584 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma from a multi-institutional database were retrospectively analyzed. The entire cohort was stratified into three subgroups according to how many patients had abnormal metabolic features (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and low body mass index). The Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional analyses were performed to investigate the associations between abnormal metabolic features and disease prognosis. mThere were 465 subjects without any metabolic features, 995 with one or two, and 124 with three. When the survival outcomes were compared according to the number of metabolic features, patients with higher numbers of metabolic features had significantly shorter overall and cancer-specific survival than those with fewer metabolic features (all p values &lt;0.05). The multivariate Cox analysis showed that the number of metabolic features was an independent predictor for shorter cancer-specific and overall survival (all p values &lt; 0.05). When performing subgroup analysis according to the cellular type, significant results were only obtained among the clear cell subtype subgroup, with the association not being significant in the non-clear cell subtype cohort. Patients with more metabolic features had significantly worse survival outcomes than those with fewer metabolic features. However, the association was only statistically significant in patients with clear cell-type metastatic renal cell carcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63816-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T10:26:38Z","timestamp":1587723998000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The number of metabolic features as a significant prognostic factor in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5874-9167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeong Dong","family":"Yuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2031-124X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eu Chang","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Wook","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryn","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Il","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok-Soo","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheol","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Hoo","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minyong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsoo","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1247-9958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakmin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"63816_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21442","volume":"68","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D. & Jemal, A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin 68, 7\u201330, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21442 (2018).","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"63816_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.10.002","volume":"67","author":"A Znaor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Znaor, A., Lortet-Tieulent, J., Laversanne, M., Jemal, A. & Bray, F. International variations and trends in renal cell carcinoma incidence and mortality. Eur Urol 67, 519\u2013530, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.10.002 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"63816_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.12.046","volume":"191","author":"SC King","year":"2014","unstructured":"King, S. C., Pollack, L. A., Li, J., King, J. B. & Master, V. A. Continued increase in incidence of renal cell carcinoma, especially in young patients and high grade disease: United States 2001 to 2010. J Urol 191, 1665\u20131670, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2013.12.046 (2014).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"63816_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.5960","volume":"307","author":"R Smith-Bindman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith-Bindman, R. et al. Use of diagnostic imaging studies and associated radiation exposure for patients enrolled in large integrated health care systems, 1996-2010. JAMA 307, 2400\u20132409, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2012.5960 (2012).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"63816_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)00655-5","volume":"56","author":"AJ Pantuck","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pantuck, A. J., Zisman, A., Rauch, M. K. & Belldegrun, A. Incidental renal tumors. Urology 56, 190\u2013196 (2000).","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"63816_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-003-2046-2","volume":"48","author":"J Hu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hu, J., Mao, Y. & White, K., Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research, G. Overweight and obesity in adults and risk of renal cell carcinoma in Canada. Soz Praventivmed 48, 178\u2013185 (2003).","journal-title":"Soz Praventivmed"},{"key":"63816_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.06.014","volume":"192","author":"SP Psutka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Psutka, S. P. et al. Diabetes mellitus is independently associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 192, 1620\u20131627, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2014.06.014 (2014).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"63816_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr128","volume":"103","author":"BI Rini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rini, B. I. et al. Hypertension as a biomarker of efficacy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib. J Natl Cancer Inst 103, 763\u2013773, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djr128 (2011).","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"63816_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","volume":"120","author":"KG Alberti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alberti, K. G. et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation 120, 1640\u20131645, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644 (2009).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"63816_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0336","volume":"35","author":"K Esposito","year":"2012","unstructured":"Esposito, K., Chiodini, P., Colao, A., Lenzi, A. & Giugliano, D. Metabolic syndrome and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 35, 2402\u20132411, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc12-0336 (2012).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"63816_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57475","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057475","volume":"8","author":"C Haggstrom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haggstrom, C. et al. Metabolic factors associated with risk of renal cell carcinoma. PLoS One 8, e57475, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0057475 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"63816_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2014.29.4.405","volume":"29","author":"MK Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim, M. K. et al. 2014 clinical practice guidelines for overweight and obesity in Korea. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 29, 405\u2013409, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3803\/EnM.2014.29.4.405 (2014).","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"key":"63816_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.05.097","volume":"194","author":"H Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee, H. et al. Diabetes Mellitus as an Independent Predictor of Survival of Patients Surgically Treated for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Propensity Score Matching Study. J Urol 194, 1554\u20131560, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2015.05.097 (2015).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"63816_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3655","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.66.7311","volume":"34","author":"L Albiges","year":"2016","unstructured":"Albiges, L. et al. Body Mass Index and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Clinical and Biological Correlations. J Clin Oncol 34, 3655\u20133663, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2016.66.7311 (2016).","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"63816_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200011023431804","volume":"343","author":"WH Chow","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chow, W. H., Gridley, G., Fraumeni, J. F. Jr. & Jarvholm, B. Obesity, hypertension, and the risk of kidney cancer in men. N Engl J Med 343, 1305\u20131311, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM200011023431804 (2000).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"63816_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459 e451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.02.004","volume":"35","author":"E Tsivian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsivian, E. et al. Body mass index and the clinicopathological characteristics of clinically localized renal masses-An international retrospective review. Urol Oncol 35, 459 e451\u2013459 e455, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.02.004 (2017).","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"63816_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.56.082103.104751","volume":"56","author":"DE Moller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moller, D. E. & Kaufman, K. D. Metabolic syndrome: a clinical and molecular perspective. Annu Rev Med 56, 45\u201362, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.med.56.082103.104751 (2005).","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"63816_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000111245.75752.C6","volume":"109","author":"SM Grundy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grundy, S. M. et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute\/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation 109, 433\u2013438, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.0000111245.75752.C6 (2004).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"63816_CR19","first-page":"385","volume":"11","author":"LA Colangelo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Colangelo, L. A., Gapstur, S. M., Gann, P. H., Dyer, A. R. & Liu, K. Colorectal cancer mortality and factors related to the insulin resistance syndrome. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11, 385\u2013391 (2002).","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"63816_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.2.194","volume":"293","author":"SH Jee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jee, S. H. et al. Fasting serum glucose level and cancer risk in Korean men and women. JAMA 293, 194\u2013202, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.293.2.194 (2005).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"63816_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021423","volume":"348","author":"EE Calle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Calle, E. E., Rodriguez, C., Walker-Thurmond, K. & Thun, M. J. Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 348, 1625\u20131638, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa021423 (2003).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"63816_CR22","first-page":"1007","volume":"6","author":"C La Vecchia","year":"1997","unstructured":"La Vecchia, C., Negri, E., Decarli, A. & Franceschi, S. Diabetes mellitus and colorectal cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 6, 1007\u20131010 (1997).","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"63816_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schips, L. et al. Does overweight impact on the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma? A single center experience of 683 patients. J Surg Oncol 88, 57\u201361; discussion 61\u201352, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jso.20139 (2004).","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.20139"},{"key":"63816_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-009-0616-2","volume":"135","author":"AJ Schrader","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schrader, A. J. et al. Overweight is associated with improved cancer-specific survival in patients with organ-confined renal cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 135, 1693\u20131699, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00432-009-0616-2 (2009).","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"63816_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2007.07375.x","volume":"101","author":"A Haferkamp","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haferkamp, A. et al. The influence of body mass index on the long-term survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma after tumour nephrectomy. BJU Int 101, 1243\u20131246, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2007.07375.x (2008).","journal-title":"BJU Int"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-63816-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-63816-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-63816-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T09:43:16Z","timestamp":1670319796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-63816-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["63816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-63816-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 November 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6967"}}