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Hyperintensities on MRI sequences with short TI inversion recovery (STIR) reflect edema, or inflammation (STIR+). Conventionally, STIR evaluation has been done by visual inspection. In this study, we developed a quantitative STIR method, and tested its ability to identify STIR+ lesions in healthy controls and patients with Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and compared the results with visual STIR evaluation and quantitative T2 relaxation time mapping. The method was based on pixel-by-pixel histograms of the distribution of signal intensities from muscles. Signal intensities from healthy control muscles were averaged and used to define an upper reference limit. Muscles with &gt;2.5% pixels above the limit were defined as being STIR+. The new method showed agreement with T2 relaxation time mapping in 95% of muscles. The visual STIR method only showed agreement with the quantitative STIR method and T2 relaxation time mapping in 88 and 84%, respectively. STIR sequences are available on most MR scanners and the post-processing used in the new quantitative method can be performed using free software. We therefore believe that the new method can play an important role in identifying STIR+ lesions in patients with neuromuscular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64287-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T10:03:28Z","timestamp":1588154608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A quantitative method to assess muscle edema using short TI inversion recovery MRI"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3149-1661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia R.","family":"Dahlqvist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Salim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Vissing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"64287_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-160145","volume":"3","author":"PG Carlier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carlier, P. 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Vissing has received research and travel support, speaker honoraria from and\/or served as consultant on advisory boards for Sanofi\/Genzyme, Ultragenyx Pharmaceuticals, and Santhera Pharmaceuticals, Sarepta Therapeutics, Audentes Therapeutics, and Stealth Biotherapeutics. J. Dahlqvist reports no disclosures. R. Salim reports no disclosures. C. Thomsen reports no disclosures.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7246"}}