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Previous investigations have suggested that dysregulated localized and systemic inflammation contributes to the development and pathogenesis of pSS. A miR microarray performed in primary human conjunctival epithelial cells (PECs) demonstrated significant differences in miR expression at the ocular surface between pSS patients and healthy controls. MicroRNA-744-5p (miR-744-5p) was identified as being of particular interest, as its top predicted target is Pellino3 (PELI3), a known negative regulator of inflammation. Validation studies confirmed that miR-744-5p expression is significantly increased in PECs from pSS patients, whilst PELI3 was significantly reduced. We validated the miR-744 binding site in the 3\u2019 untranslated region (UTR) of PELI3 and demonstrated that increasing PELI3 levels with a miR-744-5p antagomir in an inflammatory environment resulted in reduced levels of IFN dependent chemokines Rantes (CCL5) and CXCL10. These results reveal a novel role for miR-744-5p in mediating ocular inflammation via Pellino3 expression in pSS patients and suggest that miR-744-5p may be a potential therapeutic target for the management of severe dry eye disease and ocular inflammation in pSS patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64422-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T10:05:01Z","timestamp":1588586701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["miR-744-5p contributes to ocular inflammation in patients with primary Sjogrens Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Qistina","family":"Pilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siobhan","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline A.","family":"Jefferies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4247-3952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"N\u00ed Gabhann-Dromgoole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conor C.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"64422_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2004.00183.x","volume":"113","author":"N Delaleu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Delaleu, N., Jonsson, R. & Koller, M. 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