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We documented earlier that\n                    <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg)<\/jats:italic>\n                    , keystone oral-pathobiont, causative of PD, efficiently invades human gingival epithelial and blood-dendritic cells. Here, we investigated the ability of dysbiotic\n                    <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    -strains to invade human-retinal pigment epithelial cells(ARPE-19), their survival, intracellular localization, and the pathological effects, as dysfunction of RPEs leads to AMD. We show that live, but not heat-killed\n                    <jats:italic>Pg-<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains adhere to and invade ARPEs. This involves early adhesion to ARPE cell membrane, internalization and localization of\n                    <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    within single-membrane vacuoles or cytosol, with some nuclear localization apparent. No degradation of\n                    <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    or localization inside double-membrane autophagosomes was evident, with dividing\n                    <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    suggesting a metabolically active state during invasion. We found significant downregulation of autophagy-related genes particularly, autophagosome complex. Antibiotic protection-based recovery assay further confirmed distinct processes of adhesion, invasion and amplification of\n                    <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    within ARPE cells. This is the first study to demonstrate invasion of human-RPEs, begin to characterize intracellular localization and survival of\n                    <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    within these cells. Collectively, invasion of RPE by\n                    <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    and its prolonged survival by autophagy evasion within these cells suggest a strong rationale for studying the link between oral infection and AMD pathogenesis in individuals with periodontitis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64449-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T06:05:01Z","timestamp":1588572301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Invasion of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Porphyromonas gingivalis leading to Vacuolar\/Cytosolic localization and Autophagy dysfunction In-Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Pachiappan","family":"Arjunan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radhika","family":"Swaminathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Al-Shabrawey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego G.","family":"Espinosa-Heidmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Nussbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela M.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher W.","family":"Cutler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"64449_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2018.04.023","volume":"149","author":"PI Eke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eke, P. 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