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This remarkable evolutionary achievement likely required unique adaptations for them to survive and thrive in the challenging oceanic environment. For the first time, we explore the morphology and behavior of an open-ocean<jats:italic>Halobates germanus<\/jats:italic>and a related coastal species<jats:italic>H. hayanus<\/jats:italic>to understand mechanisms of these adaptations. We provide direct experimental evidence based on high-speed videos which reveal that<jats:italic>Halobates<\/jats:italic>exploit their specialized and self-groomed body hair to achieve extreme water repellence, which facilitates rapid skating and plastron respiration under water. Moreover, the grooming behavior and presence of cuticular wax aids in the maintenance of superhydrophobicity. Further, reductions of their body mass and size enable them to achieve impressive accelerations (~400\u2009ms<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>) and reaction times (~12\u2009ms) to escape approaching predators or environmental threats and are crucial to their survival under harsh marine conditions. These findings might also inspire rational strategies for developing liquid-repellent surfaces for drag reduction, water desalination, and preventing bio-fouling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64563-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T10:03:33Z","timestamp":1588932213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Superhydrophobicity and size reduction enabled Halobates (Insecta: Heteroptera, Gerridae) to colonize the open ocean"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"G. 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