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However, the role of major antioxidant molecules in the human body, such as glutathione, ascorbic acid and uric acid, has been neglected in this context. Here, we performed an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> metabolomics study of the 3 most odorous anaerobic microbes isolated from the human gut in our laboratory (<jats:italic>Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium subterminale<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Romboutsia lituseburensis<\/jats:italic>) when grown in anaerobiosis or in aerobiosis with these 3 antioxidant molecules via gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC\/MS and LC\/MS). There was no growth or volatile organic compound production in aerobic cultures without the 3 antioxidant molecules. In anaerobiosis, the major metabolic products of the bacteria were thiols, alcohols and short-chain fatty acid esters. The production of alkanes, cycloheptatriene and, paradoxically, increased butyrate production, was observed in the cultures grown in aerobiosis with the 3 antioxidant molecules. The qualitative shift suggests specific molecular mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. The increased production of butyrate, but also isobutyrate and isovalerate <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> suggests that these 3 antioxidant molecules contributed to the maintenance and active resilience of host-bacterial mutualism against mucosal oxygen and uncontrolled oxidative stress <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64834-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T10:03:18Z","timestamp":1588845798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The Antioxidants Glutathione, Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid Maintain Butyrate Production by Human Gut Clostridia in The Presence of Oxygen In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Million","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saber","family":"Khelaifia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Guilhot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magali","family":"Richez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Lagier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Dubourg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Chabriere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"64834_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1039\/b507392h","volume":"24","author":"S Schulz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schulz, S. & Dickschat, J. 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