{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:33:44Z","timestamp":1793090024832,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The World Health Organization (WHO) international standard rabies immune globulins (SRIGs) allow the standardisation of the cell-based rapid fluorescent-focus inhibition test (RFFIT) for rabies virus neutralising antibody measurement. SRIG stocks have been depleted. We describe the preparation and qualification of two internal rabies reference standards (IRRSs), calibrated against WHO SRIGs. Candidate IRRSs IMORAB2, from human rabies immunoglobulin; and GCIRAB1, from pooled serum samples from healthy adults immunised with licensed rabies vaccine, were generated. IRRSs were qualified for use in RFFIT based on pre-determined acceptance criteria. Unitage (IU\/mL) was assigned using WHO-1 and WHO-2 SRIGs as calibrators. Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) (% geometric coefficient of variation), calibrated against WHO-1 and WHO-2 SRIGs, were: 1.8 IU\/mL (18.7%) and 1.5 IU\/mL (17.8%) for IMORAB2; and 2.9 IU\/mL (17.5%) and 2.5 IU\/mL (16.7%), respectively, for GCIRAB1. We demonstrated IRRS specificity in competition studies using homologous (inactivated Pitman Moore rabies virus) and heterologous (inactivated vesicular stomatitis virus) antigens and acceptable accuracy\/linearity of WHO SRIGs using IRRSs as calibrators. Concordance between IRRS and the WHO-1 SRIG was demonstrated using (non-)clinical human serum samples. The candidate reference standards are suitable for use as IRRS in the in-house rabies RFFIT. Funding:Sanofi Pasteur.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66754-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T06:03:26Z","timestamp":1592460206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Preparation and qualification of internal rabies reference standards for use in the rabies rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tatyana M.","family":"Timiryasova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shekema A.","family":"Hodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deanne","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celine","family":"Petit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"66754_CR1","first-page":"201","volume":"93","author":"World Health Organization Rabies vaccines","year":"2018","unstructured":"World Health Organization Rabies vaccines. 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Clinical and experimental immunology. 169, 199\u2013204 (2012).","journal-title":"Clinical and experimental immunology."},{"key":"66754_CR4","unstructured":"SAGE Working Group on Rabies Vaccines and Immunoglobulins \/ World Health Organization. Proposed revision of the policy on rabies vaccines and rabies immunoglobulins. Available at, http:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/sage\/meetings\/2017\/october\/1_Background_paper_WG_RABIES_final.pdf (Accessed 09 September 2019) (2017)."},{"key":"66754_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-1157(85)80047-0","volume":"13","author":"EA Fitzgerald","year":"1985","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, E. A. & Rastogi, S. C. A collaborative study to establish an International Standard Rabies immunoglobulin of human origin. 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T.T., S.H., L.Z., D.V., C.P. and M.B. hold stocks or shares in the company. Financial Disclosure. This study was supported and funded by Sanofi Pasteur. Sanofi Pasteur had the opportunity to review and comment on the manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"9893"}}