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Clinical findings from patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer who underwent multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging before transurethral resection of bladder tumor and post-bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin therapy from March 2004 to August 2018 were evaluated. The population was grouped into patients with or without newly developed lesions on multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging performed 3 months after bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin instillation. Patients with prostate-specific antigen levels \u2265 4\u2009ng\/mL or prostate cancer were excluded. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to determine the predictors of prostate lesions in patients with prior bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin exposure. Post bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin-induced prostatitis was found in 50 of the 194 patients (25.8%). No significant differences were observed between the groups except for prostate volumes (33.8\u2009mL vs. 30.8\u2009mL, P\u2009=\u20090.012) and body mass index (25.2\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> vs. 24.1\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, P\u2009=\u20090.044). After bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin exposure, no significant differences in prostate-specific antigen levels, international prostate symptom scores, or post-voiding residual volume were noted. Multivariable regression analysis showed that body mass index (odds ratio, OR\u2009=\u20091.115, P\u2009=\u20090.038) and prostate volume (OR\u2009=\u20093.080, P\u2009=\u20090.012) were significant predictors of post-bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin prostate lesions. Body mass index and prostate volume may be clinical predictors of prostate lesions after bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin exposure. Awareness of potential risk factors for this entity should contribute to the clinical decision-making process for patients following bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66952-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T10:05:00Z","timestamp":1592388300000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Analysis of risk factors for post-bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin-induced prostatitis in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tae Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Dong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Il","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hak Jong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Kyu","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Jin","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"66952_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.06.29","volume":"4","author":"M Tsiatas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tsiatas, M. & Grivas, P. 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