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The results revealed that the melatonin treated group showed a significant increase in the thickness of the epidermis, the cross-sectional area of blood capillaries and nerve fibers compared with the control one. In addition, obvious hypertrophy and hyperplasia were detected in the sebaceous glands in association with a significant increase in the number and diameter of apocrine sweat glands with well-developed secretory activity. S100 protein and cytokeratin-19 strongly stained the basal cells of sebaceous glands in the melatonin treated group incomparable to the control group. Moreover, the nerve fibers were intensively immunoreacted for S100 and cytokeratin proteins in the melatonin treated group in contrast to the control one. A high number of telocytes (TCs) could be identified in the treated group around the nerve fibers and blood vessels in the dermis. The number of Langerhans cells showed a significant increase in the melatonin groups that were identified by MHC II and PGP 9.5 within the epidermal layer. Furthermore, a significant increase in the number of dendritic cells was identified in the melatonin group, which were distributed within the dermis, around hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands and were strongly expressed PGP-9.5, MHC-II, VAMP, SNAP, keratin-5, and cytokeratin-19 immunoreactivity. Notably, Merkel cells showed a significant increase in the number in the melatonin group that could be stained against nestin, SNAP, and VAMP. On the other hand, the secretory granules in sweat glands were exhibited a strong positive reactivity for synaptophysin in melatonin group. The current study showed that the administration of melatonin induced a stimulatory effect on keratinocytes, non-keratinocytes, sebaceous and sweat glands, hair follicles, as well as the vascular, neuronal, and cellular constituents of the dermis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67103-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T10:02:51Z","timestamp":1592906571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Melatonin induces a stimulatory action on the scrotal skin components of Soay ram in the non-breeding season"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Fatma El-Zahraa A.","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma M.","family":"Abdel-maksoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. H. 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