{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:17:11Z","timestamp":1788931031817,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coalition for Operational Research on Neglected Tropical Diseases","award":["141G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["141G"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The identification of disease hotspots is an increasingly important public health problem. While geospatial modeling offers an opportunity to predict the locations of hotspots using suitable environmental and climatological data, little attention has been paid to optimizing the design of surveys used to inform such models. Here we introduce an adaptive sampling scheme optimized to identify hotspot locations where prevalence exceeds a relevant threshold. Our approach incorporates ideas from Bayesian optimization theory to adaptively select sample batches. We present an experimental simulation study based on survey data of schistosomiasis and lymphatic filariasis across four countries. Results across all scenarios explored show that adaptive sampling produces superior results and suggest that similar performance to random sampling can be achieved with a fraction of the sample size.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67666-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T06:26:17Z","timestamp":1593671177000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Finding hotspots: development of an adaptive spatial sampling approach"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Andrade-Pacheco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Rerolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Lemoine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leda","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aboulaye","family":"Me\u00eft\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lazarus","family":"Juziwelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lien F.","family":"Bibaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"van der Laan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin F.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh J. W.","family":"Sturrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"67666_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Preventive Chemotherapy in Human Helminthiasis. Coordinated Use of Anthelmintihic Drugs in Control Interventions: A Manual for Health Professionals and Programme Managers. (WHO Press, Geneva, 2006)."},{"key":"67666_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006066","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006066","volume":"11","author":"RU Rao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rao, R. U. et al. Reassessment of areas with persistent lymphatic filariasis nine years after cessation of mass drug administration in Sri Lanka. PLoS Neglect. Trop. Dis. 11, e0006066 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS Neglect. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"67666_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inhe.2011.06.002","volume":"3","author":"HJW Sturrock","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sturrock, H. J. W. et al. Planning schistosomiasis control: investigation of alternative sampling strategies for Schistosoma mansoni to target mass drug administration of praziquantel in East Africa. Int. Health 3, 165\u2013175 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. Health"},{"key":"67666_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.495","volume":"74","author":"CL Massara","year":"2006","unstructured":"Massara, C. L. et al. Evaluation of an improved approach using residences of schistosomiasis-positive school children to identify carriers in an area of low endemicity. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 74, 495\u2013499 (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"67666_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005610","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005610","volume":"11","author":"JR Harris","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harris, J. R. & Wiegand, R. E. Detecting infection hotspots: modeling the surveillance challenge for elimination of lymphatic filariasis. PLoS Neglect. Trop. Dis. 11, e0005610 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS Neglect. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"67666_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63830","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063830","volume":"8","author":"H Sturrock","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sturrock, H. et al. Reactive case detection for malaria elimination: real-life experience from an ongoing program in Swaziland. PLoS ONE 8, e63830 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"67666_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001467","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001467","volume":"10","author":"H Sturrock","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sturrock, H. et al. Targeting asymptomatic malaria infections: active surveillance in control and elimination. PLoS Med. 10, e1001467 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"67666_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01446.x","volume":"10","author":"S Brooker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brooker, S., Kabatereine, N. B., Myatt, M., Stothard, R. J. & Fenwick, A. Rapid assessment of Schistosoma mansoni: the validity, applicability and cost-effectiveness of the lot quality assurance sampling method in Uganda. Trop. Med. Int. Health 10, 647\u2013658 (2005).","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"67666_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01019.x","volume":"8","author":"LP Rabarijaona","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rabarijaona, L. P. et al. Lot quality assurance sampling for screening communities hyperendemic for Schistosoma mansoni. Trop. Med. Int. Health 8, 322\u2013328 (2003).","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"67666_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.08.001","volume":"38","author":"AC Clements","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clements, A. C., Brooker, S., Nyandindi, U., Fenwick, A. & Blair, L. Bayesian spatial analysis of a national urinary schistosomiasis questionnaire to assist geographic targeting of schistosomiasis control in Tanzania, East Africa. Int. J. Parasitol. 38, 401\u201315 (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"67666_CR11","first-page":"235","volume":"80","author":"C Lengeler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lengeler, C., Utzinger, J. & Tanner, M. Questionnaires for rapid screening of schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. Bull. World Health Organ. 80, 235\u2013242 (2002).","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"67666_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2016","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002016","volume":"7","author":"HJW Sturrock","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sturrock, H. J. W., Pullan, R. L., Kihara, J. H., Mwandawiro, C. & Brooker, S. J. The use of bivariate spatial modeling of questionnaire and parasitology data to predict the distribution of Schistosoma haematobium in Coastal Kenya. PLoS Neglect. Trop. Dis. 7, e2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002016 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS Neglect. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"67666_CR13","first-page":"852","volume":"80","author":"I Takougang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Takougang, I. et al. Rapid assessment method for prevalence and intensity of Loa loa infection. Bull. World Health Organ. 80, 852\u2013858 (2002).","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"67666_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1179\/136485907X229121","volume":"101","author":"PJ Diggle","year":"2007","unstructured":"Diggle, P. J. et al. Spatial modelling and the prediction of Loa loa risk: decision making under uncertainty. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 101, 499\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/136485907X229121 (2007).","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"67666_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170520","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2017.0520","volume":"14","author":"S Bhatt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bhatt, S. et al. Improved prediction accuracy for disease risk mapping using Gaussian process stacked generalization. J. R. Soc. Interface 14, 20170520 (2017).","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"67666_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spasta.2018.02.002","volume":"28","author":"J-F Ton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ton, J.-F., Flaxman, S., Sejdinovic, D. & Bhatt, S. Spatial mapping with Gaussian processes and nonstationary Fourier features. Spat. Stat. 28, 59\u201378 (2018).","journal-title":"Spat. Stat."},{"key":"67666_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e958","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000958","volume":"5","author":"RL Pullan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pullan, R. L. et al. Spatial modelling of soil-transmitted helminth infections in Kenya: a disease control planning tool. PLoS Neglect. Trop. Dis. 5, e958 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS Neglect. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"67666_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2010.04.007","volume":"37","author":"SJ Melles","year":"2011","unstructured":"Melles, S. J. et al. Optimizing the spatial pattern of networks for monitoring radioactive releases. Comput. Geosci. 37, 280\u2013288 (2011).","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"67666_CR19","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Digital Soil Mapping: An Introductory Perspective","author":"G Heuvelink","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heuvelink, G., Brus, D. & de Gruijter, J. Optimization of sample configurations for digital mapping of soil properties with universal kriging. In Digital Soil Mapping: An Introductory Perspective (ed. Lagacherie, P. et al.) 139\u2013153 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2006)."},{"key":"67666_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-33161-1","volume-title":"Sampling for Natural Resource Monitoring","author":"J de Gruijter","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Gruijter, J., Brus, D., Bierkens, M. & Knotters, M. Sampling for Natural Resource Monitoring (Springer, Berlin, 2006)."},{"key":"67666_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7061(97)00072-4","volume":"80","author":"DJ Brus","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brus, D. J. & de Gruijter, J. J. Random sampling or geostatistical modelling? Choosing between design-based and model-based sampling strategies for soil (with discussion). Geoderma 80, 1\u201344 (1997).","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"67666_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90115-4","volume":"95","author":"JO Gyapong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gyapong, J. O. & Remme, J. H. The use of grid sampling methodology for rapid assessment of the distribution of bancroftian filariasis. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 95, 681\u2013686 (2001).","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"67666_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2883-6-12","volume":"6","author":"BM Ngwira","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ngwira, B. M., Tambala, P., Perez, A. M., Bowie, C. & Molyneux, D. H. The geographical distribution of lymphatic filariasis infection in Malawi. Filaria J. 6, 12 (2007).","journal-title":"Filaria J."},{"key":"67666_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9469.2005.00469.x","volume":"33","author":"P Diggle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Diggle, P. & Lophaven, S. Bayesian geostatistical design. Scand. J. Stat. 33, 53\u201364 (2006).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Stat."},{"issue":"Supplement_5","key":"67666_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S554","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz554","volume":"221","author":"C Fronterre","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fronterre, C., Amoah, B., Giorgi, E., Stanton, M. C. & Diggle, P. J. Design and analysis of elimination surveys for neglected tropical diseases. J. Infect. Dis. 221(Supplement_5), S554\u2013S560 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"67666_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spasta.2015.12.004","volume":"15","author":"MG Chipeta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chipeta, M. G., Terlouw, D. J., Phiri, K. S. & Diggle, P. J. Adaptive geostatistical design and analysis for prevalence surveys. Spat. Stat. 15, 70\u201384 (2016).","journal-title":"Spat. Stat."},{"key":"67666_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0172266","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172266","volume":"12","author":"AN Kabaghe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kabaghe, A. N. et al. Adaptive geostatistical sampling enables efficient identification of malaria hotspots in repeated cross-sectional surveys in rural Malawi. PLoS ONE 12, e0172266 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"67666_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177009939","volume":"10","author":"K Chaloner","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chaloner, K. & Verdinelli, I. Bayesian experimental design: a review. Stat. Sci. 10, 273\u2013304 (1995).","journal-title":"Stat. Sci."},{"key":"67666_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177012413","volume":"4","author":"J Sacks","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sacks, J., Welch, W. J., Mitchell, T. J. & Wynn, H. P. Design and analysis of computer experiments. Stat. Sci. 4, 409\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1214\/ss\/1177012413 (1989).","journal-title":"Stat. Sci."},{"key":"67666_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0368","volume":"97","author":"N Kittur","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kittur, N. et al. Defining persistent hotspots: areas that fail to decrease meaningfully in prevalence after multiple years of mass drug administration with praziquantel for control of schistosomiasis. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 97, 1810\u20131817 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"67666_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15585","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15585","volume":"8","author":"S Takahashi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Takahashi, S., Metcalf, C. J. E., Ferrari, M. J., Tatem, A. J. & Lessler, J. The geography of measles vaccination in the African Great Lakes region. Nat. Commun. 8, 15585 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"67666_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1515\/ijb-2014-0060","volume":"12","author":"MM Davies","year":"2016","unstructured":"Davies, M. M. & Van Der Laan, M. J. Optimal spatial prediction using ensemble machine learning. Int. J. Biostat. 12, 179\u2013201 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biostat."},{"key":"67666_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0204399","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204399","volume":"13","author":"HJ Sturrock","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sturrock, H. J., Woolheater, K., Bennett, A. F., Andrade-Pacheco, R. & Midekisa, A. Predicting residential structures from open source remotely enumerated data using machine learning. PLoS ONE 13, e0204399 (2018).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"67666_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu253","volume":"181","author":"R Pirracchio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pirracchio, R., Petersen, M. L. & van der Laan, M. Improving propensity score estimators\u2019 robustness to model misspecification using super learner. Am. J. Epidemiol. 181, 108\u2013119 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"67666_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7320","volume":"37","author":"D Benkeser","year":"2018","unstructured":"Benkeser, D., Ju, C., Lendle, S. & van der Laan, M. Online cross-validation-based ensemble learning. Stat. Med. 37, 249\u2013260 (2018).","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"67666_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-017-0098-4","volume":"16","author":"DR Thomson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thomson, D. R., Stevens, F. R., Ruktanonchai, N. W., Tatem, A. J. & Castro, M. C. Gridsample: an R package to generate household survey primary sampling units (PSUs) from gridded population data. Int. J. Health Geograph. 16, 25 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Geograph."},{"key":"67666_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(01)00245-8","volume":"52","author":"M Ziller","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ziller, M., Selhorst, T., Teuffert, J., Kramer, M. & Schl\u00fcter, H. Analysis of sampling strategies to substantiate freedom from disease in large areas. Prev. Vet. Med. 52, 333\u2013343 (2002).","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"67666_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4324","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06657-5","volume":"9","author":"E Michael","year":"2018","unstructured":"Michael, E. et al. Substantiating freedom from parasitic infection by combining transmission model predictions with disease surveys. Nat. Commun. 9, 4324 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"67666_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7061(01)00092-1","volume":"105","author":"RM Lark","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lark, R. M. Optimized spatial sampling of soil for estimation of the variogram by maximum likelihood. Geoderma 105, 49\u201380 (2002).","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"67666_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2425","DOI":"10.1002\/env.2425","volume":"28","author":"M Chipeta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chipeta, M., Terlouw, D., Phiri, K. & Diggle, P. Inhibitory geostatistical designs for spatial prediction taking account of uncertain covariance structure. Environmetrics 28, e2425 (2017).","journal-title":"Environmetrics"},{"key":"67666_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0525-0","volume":"25","author":"NV Bhattacharjee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhattacharjee, N. V. et al. Mapping exclusive breastfeeding in africa between 2000 and 2017. Nat. Med. 25, 1205\u20131212 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"67666_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471200611","volume-title":"Elements of Information Theory","author":"TM Cover","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cover, T. M. & Thomas, J. A. Elements of Information Theory (Wiley, Hoboken, 1991)."},{"key":"67666_CR43","first-page":"397","volume":"3","author":"P Auer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Auer, P. Using confidence bounds for exploitation\u2013exploration trade-offs. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 3, 397\u2013422 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"67666_CR44","unstructured":"Srinivas, N., Krause, A., Kakade, S. & Seeger, M. Gaussian process optimization in the bandit setting: no regret and experimental design. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML\u201910, 1015\u20131022 (Omnipress, USA, 2010)."},{"key":"67666_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2015.2494218","volume":"104","author":"B Shahriari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shahriari, B., Swersky, K., Wang, Z., Adams, R. P. & De Freitas, N. Taking the human out of the loop: a review of bayesian optimization. Proc. IEEE 104, 148\u2013175 (2015).","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"67666_CR46","unstructured":"Snoek, J., Larochelle, H. & Adams, R. P. Practical bayesian optimization of machine learning algorithms. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2951\u20132959 (2012)."},{"key":"67666_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1080\/23754931.2015.1014272","volume":"1","author":"E Doxsey-Whitfield","year":"2015","unstructured":"Doxsey-Whitfield, E. et al. Taking advantage of the improved availability of census data: a first look at the gridded population of the world, version 4. Pap. Appl. Geogr. 1, 226\u2013234 (2015).","journal-title":"Pap. Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"67666_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4302","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.5086","volume":"37","author":"SE Fick","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J. Worldclim 2: new 1-km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. Int. J. Climatol. 37, 4302\u20134315 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"67666_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v077.i01","volume":"77","author":"MN Wright","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wright, M. N. & Ziegler, A. ranger: a fast implementation of random forests for high dimensional data in C++ and R. J. Stat. Softw. 77, 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v077.i01 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"67666_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a781","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.00566","volume":"37","author":"F Rousset","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rousset, F. & Ferdy, J.-B. Testing environmental and genetic effects in the presence of spatial autocorrelation. Ecography 37, a781-790 (2014).","journal-title":"Ecography"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-67666-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-67666-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-67666-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T07:50:07Z","timestamp":1670313007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-67666-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["67666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-67666-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.01.10.20016964","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 February 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"10939"}}