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However, the mechanism by which EA treats ileitis-induced VH is not clearly known. To assess the effects of EA on ileitis-induced VH and confirm whether EA attenuates VH through spinal PAR-2 activation and CGRP release, goats received an injection of 2,4,6-trinitro-benzenesulfonic-acid (TNBS) solution into the ileal wall. TNBS-injected goats were allocated into VH, Sham acupuncture (Sham-A) and EA groups, while goats treated with saline instead of TNBS solution were used as the control. Goats in EA group received EA at bilateral Hou-San-Li acupoints for 0.5\u00a0h at 7\u00a0days and thereafter repeated every 3\u00a0days for 6 times. Goats in the Sham-A group were inserted with needles for 0.5\u00a0h at the aforementioned acupoints without any hand manipulation and electric stimulation. Visceromotor responses to colorectal distension, an indicator of VH, were recorded by electromyography. The terminal ileum and thoracic spinal cord (T<jats:sub>11<\/jats:sub>) were sampled for evaluating ileitis at days 7 and 22, and distribution and expression-levels of PAR-2, CGRP and c-Fos on day 22. TNBS-treated-goats exhibited apparent transmural-ileitis on day 7, microscopically low-grade ileitis on day 22 and VH at days 7\u201322. Goats of Sham-A, VH or EA group showed higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) VH at days 7\u201322 than the Control-goats. EA-treated goats exhibited lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) VH as compared with Sham-A or VH group. Immunoreactive-cells and expression-levels of spinal PAR-2, CGRP and c-Fos in the EA group were greater (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) than those in the Control group, but less (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) than those in Sham-A and VH groups on day 22. Downregulation of spinal PAR-2 and CGRP levels by EA attenuates the ileitis and resultant VH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67702-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T10:04:08Z","timestamp":1594116248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Electroacupuncture intervention of visceral hypersensitivity is involved in PAR-2-activation and CGRP-release in the spinal cord"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Manoj K.","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habibullah","family":"Janyaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan Hassan","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitaly","family":"Vodyanoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Xing","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"67702_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.02.016","volume":"421","author":"G Brandhorst","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brandhorst, G. et al. 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