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A promising approach is the combination of training with transcranial electric stimulation. However, limited reproducibility and varying effect sizes make further protocol optimization necessary. We tested the effects of a novel cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation protocol (tACS) on motor skill learning. Furthermore, we studied underlying mechanisms by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation and analysis of fMRI-based resting-state connectivity. N\u2009=\u200915 young, healthy participants were recruited. 50\u00a0Hz tACS was applied to the left cerebellum in a double-blind, sham-controlled, cross-over design concurrently to the acquisition of a novel motor skill. Potential underlying mechanisms were assessed by studying short intracortical inhibition at rest (SICI\n                    <jats:sub>rest<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and in the premovement phase (SICI\n                    <jats:sub>move<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), intracortical facilitation at rest (ICF\n                    <jats:sub>rest<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and seed-based resting-state fMRI-based functional connectivity (FC) in a hypothesis-driven motor learning network. Active stimulation did not enhance skill acquisition or retention. Minor effects on striato-parietal FC were present. Linear mixed effects modelling identified SICI\n                    <jats:sub>move<\/jats:sub>\n                    modulation and baseline task performance as the most influential determining factors for predicting training success. Accounting for the identified factors may allow to stratify participants for future training-based interventions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68028-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T06:03:03Z","timestamp":1594188183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation in the gamma range applied during the acquisition of a novel motor skill"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Maximilian J.","family":"Wessel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurijn R.","family":"Draaisma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne F. 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