{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T13:00:26Z","timestamp":1792501226320,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K15476"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K15476"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a rapidly growing demand for female animals in preclinical animal, and thus it is necessary to determine animals' estrous cycle stages from vaginal smear cytology. However, the determination of estrous stages requires extensive training, takes a long time, and is costly; moreover, the results obtained by human examiners may not be consistent. Here, we report a machine learning model trained with 2,096 microscopic images that we named the \"Stage Estimator of estrous Cycle of RodEnt using an Image-recognition Technique (SECREIT).\" With the test dataset (736 images), SECREIT achieved area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve of 0.962 or more for each estrous stage. A test using 100 images showed that SECREIT provided correct classification that was similar to that provided by two human examiners (SECREIT: 91%, Human 1: 91%, Human 2: 79%) in 11\u00a0s. The SECREIT can be a first step toward accelerating the research using female rodents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68611-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T10:02:53Z","timestamp":1594893773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Deep learning-based classification of the mouse estrous cycle stages"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kyohei","family":"Sano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suguru","family":"Tohyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Komura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Sutoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"68611_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e422","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.67","volume":"4","author":"KK Cover","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cover, K. 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(Lausanne)"},{"key":"68611_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11641","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-37-11641.2003","volume":"23","author":"HE Scharfman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Scharfman, H. E., Mercurio, T. C., Goodman, J. H., Wilson, M. A. & MacLusky, N. J. Hippocampal excitability increases during the estrous cycle in the rat: A potential role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J. Neurosci. 23, 11641\u201311652 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"68611_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0171","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0171-18.2018","volume":"5","author":"C Adams","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adams, C., Chen, X. & Moenter, S. M. Changes in GABAergic transmission to and intrinsic excitability of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons during the estrous cycle in mice. eNeuro 5, e0171 (2018).","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"68611_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2006.00249.x","volume":"6","author":"H Meziane","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meziane, H., Ouagazzal, A. M., Aubert, L., Wietrzych, M. & Krezel, W. Estrous cycle effects on behavior of C57BL\/6J and BALB\/cByJ female mice: Implications for phenotyping strategies. Genes Brain Behav. 6, 192\u2013200 (2007).","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav."},{"key":"68611_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.09.011","volume":"164","author":"MR Milad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Milad, M. R., Igoe, S. A., Lebron-Milad, K. & Novales, J. E. Estrous cycle phase and gonadal hormones influence conditioned fear extinction. 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